No.  1716 


\  m  DESCRIPTION  AND  DIRECTIONS  FOR 

9  ^i  It  USE  AND  CARE  OF 


k 


■  AVALRY  EQUIPMENT 


MODEL  OF  1912 


(SEVENTEEN  PLATES) 


OCTOBER  5.  1914 


O^r- 


\ 


0 


\/ 


WASHINOTON 
GOVERNMENT  PSINTMO  OFPICB 

1918 


No.   1715 


DESCRIPTION  AND  DIRECTIONS  FOR 
USE  AND  CARE  OF 

CAVALRY  EQUIPMENT 

MODEL  OF  1912 


(SEVENTEEN  PLATES) 


OCTOBER  5,  1914 


WASmNGTON 
GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 

1918 


(  Form  No.  1715) 


The  Commanding  Officer  or  the  Post  or  Coast 
Defense  Ordnance  Officer  to  whom  this  copy  is 
issued  will  be  held  personally  responsible  for  its  safe= 
keeping.  When  another  officer  relieves  him  a  re= 
ceipt  for  it  will  be  taken,  which  should  be  mailed 
to  the  CHIEF  OF  ORDNANCE,  U.  S  Army, 
Washington,  D.  C. 


(2) 


SRLh 


War  Dki'aktment, 
Offick  of  the  Chief  of  Ordnance, 

Wasliington  October  5,  I'Jl). 
This  manual  is  pul)lislied  for  the  information  and  government  of  the  Heguhir 
Army  and  Or^^anized  Militia  of  the  United  States. 
By  order  of  the  Secretary  of  War: 

William  Ckozier, 
Brigadier  General,  Chief  of  Ordnaihce. 

(3) 


CONTENTS. 


Plate. 


Page. 


Arm  repair  chest,  nicKlel  of  1910 

Bandoleer,  cavalry 

Belt,  cartridge,  cavalry,  cal.  .30 

Belt,  garrison,  enlisted  men's 

Belt,  officer's 

Belt,  pistol 

Bolo  and  scabbard,  model  of  1910 

Breast  strap '. .. 

Bridle,  cavalry 

Canteen,  model  of  1910 

Canteen  cover,  model  of  1910 

Care  of  ecjuipment 

Carrier  strap 

Cavesson  and  longe 

Chest,  bacon,  model  of  1910 

Chest,  condiment,  model  of  1910 

Cleaning  rod,  model  of  1913,  and  case 

Cooling  strap 

Cup,  model  of  1910 

Currycomb,  model  of  1913 ■ 

EmplojTnent  of  troop  pack 

Feed  bag  and  grain  bag 

Field  picket  line  and  jjins , 

Fork,  model  of  1910 

Grooming  cloth 

Guidon  and  standard  carrier 

Halter,  stable 

Hatchet  and  cover 

Horse  brush 

Horse  cover 

Improvised  picket  line 

Indi\ddual  soap  box 

Intrenching-tool  carrier 

Intrenching  tools 

Knife,  model  of  1910 

I,ariat 

Loading  of  wagon 

Marking  of  equipment 

Meat  can,  model  of  1 910 

Packing  of  saddle 

Pick,  cavalry,  and  cover 

Picket  pin . 

Picket-pin  case 

Picket-pin  carrier,  special ^ 

Pin  and  hammer  chest 

PLstf)!  holster _. 

Pommel  ])o<kets,  service 

Pommel  ])ocketH,  officer's 

Pouch  for  first-aid  packet,  model  of  1910. 

Ration  bags 

Rec(jrd  case,  N.  C.  O 


IX 
IX 
IX 
IX 


XIII 

I 

VII 
VII 


XIII 


VII 


VII 

XV-XVI 

VIII 


VII 

VII 

XIII 

VIII 

VI 

VII 


VII 
VI 
VI 

VII 
VIII 


VII 
XI 
VI 
VI 
VI 
VI 


IV 
VII 


42 

38-39 

37-38 

40 

55 

41 

40 

51-52 

7-11 

31 

30 

32-34 

21-22 

50-51 

48 

48^9 

49 

15 

30 

31 

44-48 

34-36 

43 

29 

29 

54 

52-53 

23 

31 

52 

50 

32 

23-24 

22-23 

29 

24 

49-50 

55-59 

30 

36-37 

22-23 

24 

25 

41^2 

43 

39 

28-29 

54 

39 

25-28 

41 


(5) 


Rifle  carrier  boot 

Rifle  cover 

Raddle,  service 

Saddle,  oliicer's 

SaddLe  blanket 

Saber,  cavalry,  model  of  19 13 

Saber  scabbard,  ser\'ice,  model  of  1913 

Saber  scabbard,  officer's  garrison,  model  of  1913. 

Saber  carrier,  ser\ace 

Saber  carrier,  officer's 

Saber  knt»t 

Schaller  fortro 

Sledge  hammer 

Sl)oon,  model  of  1910 

Spur  and  straps,  model  of  191 1 

Stock  cover 

Shovel,  cavalry 

Si)onge,  4-inch 

Tape,  5-foot 

Troop  i)annier '. 

Troop  pack 

Watering  bucket,  canvas 

Water  tank 

Wire  cutters,  model  of  19 10 


Plate. 


Ill 
IV 
II 
II 


XVII 

"  vii 


IV 

VI 

VII 


XIV 
VIII 


VII 


Pajjc. 


15-17 

.      18 

11-14 

54 

15 

18-19 

19-20 

55 

20-21 

21,55 

20 

48 

43 

29 

39-40 

18 

22 

32 

54 

43-44 

42-43 

44 

53-54 

31 


DESCRIPTION  AND  DIRECTIONS  FOR  USE  AND  CARE  OF 
CAVALRY  EQUIPMENT,  MODEL  OF  1912. 


Cavalry  Bridle. 

(Plate  1.) 

This  article  of  eqiiiimieiit  is  a  combination  of  a  curb  bridle,  bricloon 
bridb.'.  and  halter,  and  is  intended  to  serve  as  a  bridle  both  in  garri- 
son and  in  the  field.  In  the  latter  instance  it  is  also  used  as  a  halter. 
It  is  not  intended  to  be  used  as  a  stable  halter  in  garrison,  but  should 
be  kept  by  the  trooper  to  Avhom  issued  on  the  peg  with  the  rest  of 
his  equipment.  A  stable  halter  is  provided  for  stable  and  corral  use 
in  garrison,"  and  the  bridle  can  thus  always  be  kept  presentable. 

The  bridle  consists  of  the  following  essential  parts : 

A  cheek  piccr^  which  is  a  plain  strap  of  94  to  lOJ  ounce  bridle 
leather  1  inch  Avide  and  78  inches  long.  This  strap  passes  twice  over 
the  head  of  the  hoi-se,  thus  forming  a  long  loop  on  each  side  of  the 
head.  At  the  bottom  jioint  of  each  of  these  loo])s  the  noseband  is  sus- 
l)ended  from  the  cheek  piece  by  means  of  the  noseband  slides.  The 
cheek  piece  is  adjusted  to  length  by  means  of  a  buckle  and  six  holes 
on  the  near  side  of  the  bridle  just  below  the  brow  band. 

A  hrolu  hand^  of  medium  harness  leather  18  inches  long  and  1§ 
inches  wide  in  the  middle  and  tapering  to  ^  inch  wide  at  each  end, 
where  loops  '1\  inches  long  are  stitched  to  encircle  the  cheek  piece, 
bridoon  croAvn  piece,  and  throat  latch  on  each  side  of  the  head. 
Onto  these  loops  are  slipped  ^-incli  brass-wire  loops  which  separate 
Ihe  cheek  jiiece  from  the  throat  latch  and  bridoon  croAvn  i)iece. 

The  throat  latch^  a  plain  strap  of  medium  harness  leather  1  inch 
wide  and  43f  inches  long,  passes  up  through  the  loops  in  the  brow 
band  in  rear  of  the  cheek  piece  and  directly  over  the  bridoon  crown 
piece  and  clown  under  the  throat,  of  the  horse,  passing  through  the 
upper  loop  in  the  throat  strap,  and  ending  in  a  common  buckle  on 
the  near  side,  wTiere  six  holes  are  punched  for  adjustment. 

A  nose  hand.,  of  medium  harness  leather  41  inches  long  and  li 
inches  wide,  made  into  an  endless  band  by  a  o^-inch  stitched  lap. 
This  band  is  suspended  from  the  cheek  piece  on  each  side  by  pass- 
ing through  the  noseband  slide,  and  in  the  rear  it  passes  twice 
through  the  2i%-inch  small  iron  ring  in  the  lower  end  of  the  throat 

(7) 


strap  and  once  through  the  similar  ring  for  attaching  the  halter  tie 
rope. 

A  throat  strap,  of  medium  harness  leather  |  inch  wide,  about  18 
inches  long,  folded  upon  itself  twice  so  as  to  form  a  billet  6  inches 
long  of  three  thicknesses  sewed  together,  with  1-inch  loop  for  the 
thi-oat  latch  at  its  upper  end  and  a  2fV-inch  small  iron  ring  at  its 
lower  end,  which  ring  passes  over  the  looped  rear  end  of  the  nose- 
band. 

A  hrkloon  crown 'piece,  a  plain  strap  of  collar  leather,  7  to  8  ounces, 
25^  inches  long  and  |  inch  wide,  with  five  holes  at  each  end.  This 
strap  passes  up  through  the  rear  loops  in  the  brow  band  and  lays 
directly  under  the  throat  latch,  to  which  it  is  stitched  for  a  distance 
of  1  inch  on  the  top  to  secure  it  in  position. 

Two  hridoon  straps,  of  6  to  7  ounce  collar  leather  |  inch  wide  and 
13f  inches  long.  A  buckle  in  the  uj^per  end  of  each  strap  secures  it 
to  the  bridoon  crown  piece  on  either  side.  The  lower  end  of  each 
strap  passes  through  the  ring  of  the  bridoon  bit  and  back  through 
two  standing  loops  (sewed  to  the  strap  above  the  bit)  and  over  a 
stud  hook  on  the  side  next  to  the  animal. 

Two  hit  st/'aps,  each  a  plain  strap  of  7  to  8  ounce  collar  leather 
I  inch  wide,  lOf  inches  long,  with  a  hole  in  the  center  and  one  j%  inch 
from  each  end.  This  strap  carries  at  its  center  the  bit  strap  retainer 
(a  double  loop  with  a  stud  hook  in  the  center  bur).  The  two  ends  of 
the  strap  double  back  and  fasten  over  the  stud  hook,  so  that  the 
strap  when  assembled  forms  two  loops,  the  upper  one  carrying  a 
^-inch  snap  hook  and  the  lower  loop  passing  through  the  upper  loop 
in  the  curb  bit. 

The  snap  hook  engages  in  the  lower  loop  of  the  cheek  slide.  These 
slides,  one  on  either  side  of  the  bridle,  are  adjustable  on  the  cheek 
piece  by  6  holes  in  the  cheek  piece. 

The  halter  tie  rope  is  a  plain  manila  rope  |  inch  in  diameter  and 
100  inches  long;  at  one  end  an  eye  splice  is  formed  by  means  of 
which  a  bronze  swivel  bolt  snap  is  attached,  which  snaps  into  the 
2i\-inch  small  iron  ring  on  the  rear  of  the  noseband. 

The  hridoon  reins  are  of  7  to  8  ounce  collar  leather  ^  inch  wide  and 
cut  57f  inches  long.  Three  and  one-fourth  inches  from  the  bit  ends 
of  the  reins  a  4^-inch  lap  is  stitched  onto  the  inside  (flesh  side)  of 
the  reins.  Approximately  midway  on  this  reinforcing  piece  is  a 
stud  hook  pointing  to  the  rear,  and  on  each  side  of  the  hook  is  a 
standing  loop.  Two  and  one-fourth  inches  from  the  extreme  bit  end 
of  the  reins  a  hole  with  slit  is  punched,  so  that  to  assemble  the  rein 
to  the  bit  ring  the  end  is  ])assed  through  the  ring  under  the  first 
standing  looj),  the  stud  hook  passed  through  the  hole  in  the  rein,  and 
the  end  carried  oil  under  the  rear  standing  loop;  the  reinforcing 


9 

piece  above  described  is  sufficiently  long  to  give  two  thicknesses  of 
leather  where  it  loops  through  the  bit  ring. 

The  rear  ends  of  the  bridoon  reins  are  connected  by  a  f-inch 
buckle. 

The  curh  reins  are  of  7  to  8  ounce  collar  leather  3  inch  wide  and 
cut  55^  inches  long.  The  method  of  attachment  at  the  bit  ring  is  the 
same  as  for  the  bridoon  reins.  The  reins  are  stitched  together  at  the 
bight  with  a  l|-inch  lap,  with  rounded  ends  skived  down.  The  reins 
assembled  carry  a  sliding  loop  f  inch  wide  just  in  front  of  the  bight. 

The  hridoon  is  the  model  of  1909  bit,  which  has  been  revised  to  use 
a  2^-inch  ring  in  place  of  a  2-inch,  and  is  now  made  of  27  per  cent 
nickel  steel. 

The  curh  hit  is  the  present  model  of  1909  bit  of  27  per  cent  nickel 
steel. 

The  curh  chain  is  model  of  1912  and  differs  from  former  models  in 
that  it  is  a  single  twist  chain  composed  of  15  links  of  27  per  cent 
nickel  steel  3%-inch  wire.  When  issued  with  bit  the  oft'  curb  hook  is 
brazed  together,  thus  making  the  chain  a  part  of  the  complete  bit. 

The  Up  thony  is  of  soft  rawhide,  medium  weight,  18  inches  wide  by 
1^1  inches  long. 

To  fit  the  bridle,  unsnap,  unbuckle,  and  remove  all  bit  straps,  and 
first  adjust  the  halter  so  that  the  noseband  will  stand  at  the  desired 
height.  To  do  this  unbuckle  the  cheek  strap,  and  then  lengthen  or 
shorten  cheek  strap  and  distribute  the  gain  or  loss  on  both  sides  of 
headstall,  so  that  the  cheek  slides  that  support  bit  straps  will  stand 
at  the  same  level.  Punch  new  holes,  if  necessary,  in  noseband  for  the 
noseband  slides.  Wet  the  leather  in  the  vicinity  of  the  cheek  loop 
thoroughly  and  shape  snugly  by  pressure  or  blows;  the  cheek  will 
then  remain  smoothly  in  position.  Once  the  halter  is  adjusted  to  a 
particular  horse,  do  not  change  it  from  that  adjustment  for  the  bits, 
but  adjust  them  to  proper  height  in  mouth  by  jneans  of  the  adjust- 
ment provided  for  the  cheek  slides.  The  bridoon  is  readily  adjusted 
l)y  its  buckles.  Always  remove  bit  and  bridoon  before  taking  off 
halter.  Never  try  to  put  on  halter  w'itli  bits  attached  to  it.  To  secure 
halter  tie,  pass  end  around  neck  loosely,  lay  a  double  turn  of  about  6 
inches  in  length  along  standing  part,  loop  to  the  front,  and  free  end 
to  the  rear,  wind  the  free  end  three  or  four  times  about  both  loop  and 
standing  part,  thrust  free  end  through  loop  and  draw  tight. 

In  case  it  becomes  necessary  to  replace  the  snap  hook,  or  the  rope 
itself,  proceed  as  follows:  Pass  the  end  of  the  rope  through  the  ej^e  of 
the  snap,  unravel  about  7  inches  of  the  end,  place  the  eye  of  the  snap 
close  to  the  unraveled  strands,  open  a  strand  on  the  standing  portion 
of  rope  near  to  eye,  pass  middle  strand,  No.  2,  of  unraveled  portion 
through  opening  on  standing  part  and  draw  tight.     (Fig.  1,  PI.  I.) 


10 

Next  untwist  the  strand  at  the  left  of  the  middle  one,  pass  No.  1 
strand  through  the  opening  and  draw  snug.  Now  turn  the  rope  over, 
untwist  the  remaining  strands,  pass  No.  3  strand  through  opening, 
and  draw  snug.  (Fig.  2.)  Now  draw  the  strands  more  snugly 
against  the  standing  part  of  the  rope  and,  commencing  with  either 
one  of  the  three  strands,  pass  each  one  in  turn,  as  before,  from  right 
to  left,  between  its  mates,  following  the  twist  of  the  rope,  until  the 
operation  has  been  performed  three  times.  (Fig.  3.)  Now  place  the 
rope  on  the  floor  and  roll  it  under  foot  until  the  splice  is  smooth,  then 
neatly  trim  away  useless  ends. 

To  still  further  finish  this  splice,  wrap  it  throughout  its  length 
toward  the  snap  with  shoe  thread,  well  waxed,  then  return  to  start- 
ing point  by  passing  needle  and  thread  between  strands  at  each  ©ne- 
half  inch,  and  finally  secure  all  ends  snugly.  If  preferred,  this  eye 
splice  may  be  made  up  without  passing  it  through  the  eye  of  the 
snap  bolt.  After  completion,  pass  the  free  end  of  the  tie  rope 
through  the  snap  hook  eye  and  then  through  the  eye  splice  and 
draw  up  snugly.  The  tie  rope  shown  in  the  cut  of  the  bridle  is 
assembled  in  this  way: 

To  finish  free  end  of  rope  tie,  use  the  Daly  wrap^  as  follows: 
Untwist  the  strands  for  about  7  inches,  then  take  a  single  cord  of 
each  strand  and  untwist  to  the  same  point.  (Fig.  4.)  Now  take 
No,  1  cord  from  the  left,  and  lay  it  across  the  nearer  side  of  the  rope 
just  below  the  junction  of  the  untwisted  portions,  and  lay  No,  2  cord 
over  No,  1  cord.  (Fig.  5.)  Now  carry  No,  2  cord  well  to  the 
farther  side  of  the  rope*  out  of  the  way. 

Bring  No,  3  cord  over  No.  2  cord,  pass  No.  3  cord  under  No,  1  cord, 
between  it  and  the  rope  near  the  point  where  it  leaves  the  rope,  and 
draw  all  three  cords  snugly.  (Fig.  6.)  This  operation  leaves  the 
strands  standing  upward  and  the  cords  downward,  the  strands  thus 
being  secured  in  the  center.  Now  pass  each  cord  from  right  to  left 
between  the  twisted  strands  of  the  rope  itself  until  each  has  been 
so  passed  through  for  three  times,  precisely  as  was  done  with  the 
unraveled  strands  in  making  the  snap  splice  above.  Finish  in  a 
manner  similar  to  that  there  described,  and  cut  off  the  unraveled 
strands  about  ^  inch  above  grasp  of  cord.     (Fig.  7.) 

This  wi-apping  may  be  still  further  finished  by  waxed  thread  as 
described  under  the  snap  splice. 

To  tic  the  horse  to  a  hitching  post  or  rail,  never  tie  by  the  reins, 
but  slip  the  loop  of  the  rope  tie  over  the  horse's  head,  pass  the  doubled 
end  of  loop  through  the  ring  or  once  or  more  times  around  the  rail ; 
unsnap  the  hook  and  pass  it  through  the  free  end  of  the  loop,  pulling 
taut;  then  snap  hook  to  halter  ring;  adjust  the  reins  so  that  they 

'  So  named  aftor  Chief  I'acker  llenry  W.  Daly,  who  first  introducod  its  detailed  descrip- 
tion into  military  works. 


11 

Avill  not  catch  on  the  post  or  be  trampled  under  foot.  To  untie, 
reverse  th3  process. 

Xo  link  is  provided  for  this  bridle.  To  secure  horses  of  Xos.  1  and 
2  for  fighting  on  foot,  tie  them  by  the  bridoon  reins,  each  to  the 
halter  ring  of  the  horse  on  its  left. 

Small  detachments  of  '1  to  8  men,  and  larger  bodies  at  times,  can 
secure  their  horses  advantageously  b}^  "  coupling  ''  them,  as  this  elimi- 
nates the  necessity  of  horse  holders.  To  couple  the  horses  each  set 
of  two  men  dismount  and  bring  their  horses  close  together,  near  side 
to  near  side,  head  to  croup.  Then  each  man  makes  fast  the  bridoon 
reins  of  the  other  to  the  attaching  strap  of  the  saber  carrier  as  tight 
as  possible  with  a  sHd  knot.    The  horses  can  then  only  circle  round. 

The  Service  Saddle. 

(Plate  II.) 

The  saddle  consists  of  the  following  essential  parts: 

A  frame  of  pi'essed  steel  -j',;  inch  thick.  This  frame  has  pressed 
into  it  three  ribs  running  longitudinally  around  the  frame  for  stiff- 
ness. 

Two  poniiiiul  hinges^  one  right,  one  left,  the  npper  half  of  each 
hinge  bemg  of  bronze  riveted  to  the  steel  frame.  The  lower  half  of 
each  hinge,  of  cast  aluminum,  is  bolted  to  the  wooden  side  bars. 

Two  pommel  hinges,  one  right,  one  left,  the  upper  half  of  each 
riveted  to  the  steel  frame  and  the  lower  half  bolted  to  the  wooden 
side  bars.  These  hinges  are  so  shaped  and  located  that  the  axis  .of 
the  pommel  and  cantle  hinge  lies  in  a  straight  line  on  each  side  of 
the  saddle,  thus  allowing  free  movement  of  the  side  bars  around  this 
line  as  an  axis. 

Two  stirTup-strap  loops^  each  suspended  from  the  frauie  by  a  steel 
strap  which  is  riveted  to  the  frame.  The  loops  are  shown  clearly  in 
relate  II  and  are  provided  at  the  rear  ends  with  a  safety  loop  for 
holding  the  stirrup  strap  in  the  stirrup-strap  loop,  but  which  wnll 
allow  the  s(i-ap  to  slip  out  in  case  of  a  violent  |)ull  to  the  rear,  as  in 
case  of  a  fall  in  which  the  rider's  foot  might  catch  in  the  stirrup  to 
diag  him.  The  safety  loop  is  convenient  also  for  remoxing  the  stir- 
lup  straps  for  cleaning,  etc.  This  loop  should  be  kept  clean  and  oiled 
frequently. 

Two  rear  (/hih  strap  loops  riveted  rigidly  to  the  frame  in  rear  of 
the  stirrup  strap  loo]). 

Two  forward  girth  strap  loops^  suspended  from  the  forward  end 
of  the  frame  by  a  metal  strap  rixeted  to  the  frame. 

Tw'o  cantle  loops^  one  right  and  one  left,  for  rifle  carrier,  boot  and 
saber  carrier.  These  are  bronze  loops  I'iveted  to  the  frame  just  out- 
side of  the  cautle  hinges. 


12 

Two  wooden  side  hars,  one  right  and  one  left,  shaped  on  the  under 
side  to  fit  the  horse's  back.  These  are  of  basswood,  natural  finish  and 
varnished. 

One  cantle  roll  support^  a  casting  of  aluminum  riveted  to  the  cantle 
of  frame  and  extending  out  to  the  rear  having  down  through  it  a  slot 
for  roll  strap. 

A  ground  seat  of  sole  leather  formed  in  a  press  to  fit  the  metal 
frame  accurately  and  riveted  to  same. 

Two  pieces  of  strainiiig  webbing,  passing  under  the  sole  leather 
ground  seat  from  cantle  to  pommel,  securely  riveted  to  the  steel 
frame  and  stretched  so  as  to  support  the  leather  seat. 

A  seat,  of  6  to  7  ounces  collar  leather,  embossed  to  imitate  pigskin, 
pressed  in  a  die  to  the  exact  shape  of  the  ground  seat.  This  seat 
passes  up  over  the  aluminum  cantle  roll  support  and  around  the 
cantle  is  stitched  to  a  facing  leather  underneath  the  steel  frame  and 
forward  from  the  cantle  is  stitched  to  the  jockeys  by  a  welted  seam, 
the  jockeys  being  of  similar  material  to  the  seat.  The  seat  is  also 
stitched  to  the  under  facing  of  the  pommel. 

Two  skirts,  one  right,  one  left,  cut  to  shape,  as  shown  in  Plate  II, 
and  embossed  to  imitate  pigskin,  made  of  medium  harness  leather 
riveted  to  the  steel  saddle  frame.  The  skirt  has  a  loop  riveted  to  it 
near  its  upper  forward  corner,  through  which  passes  a  strap  of  the 
pommel  pocket,  thus  holding  the  latter  down  in  its  proper  position. 

The  side  bar  pads  are  of  olive-drab  felt,  about  ^-inch  thick.  These 
pads  are  cut  to  the  shape  of  the  under  sides  of  the  side  bars.  A  piece 
of  light  collar  leather  is  stitched  to  the  forw^ard  and  rear  ends  of  the 
pads  forming  pockets,  these  pockets  fitting  over  the  side  bars  and 
holding  the  pads  snugly  to  the  side  bars.  Small  straps  are  provided 
to  facilitate  removal  of  the  pads  from  the  bars  when  necessary. 

Stirrup  straps. — These  are  of  light  harness  leather,  1§  inches  wide 
and  56^  inches  long  over  all  when  complete.  At  one  end  is  a  If-inch 
bronze  center-bar  buckle  sewed  to  the  strap  by  a  2-inch  pointed  lap, 
fiesh  side  out.  The  free  end  is  pointed  and  punched  with  12  oblong 
holes  1^  inches  apart,  each  hole  being  numbered. 

The  stirrups  are  issued  in  two  sizes,  varying  in  width  ^  inch. 

Girth-strop  adjusters  (Plate  XIII). — These  pieces  are  designed  to 
vary  the  location  of  the  girth  relative  to  the  saddle.  The  adjuster 
consists  of  a  piece  of  7  to  8  ounce  collar  leather  a  little  wider  than 
the  girth  and  about  12  inches  long.  This  is  reinforced  for  the  upper 
(')  inches  with  a  baclv  of  similar  leather  stitched  to  the  front  around 
the  edges.  There  are  four  loops  formed  in  the  adjuster  by  slots  cut 
in  the  outer  piece;  between  each  pair  of  loops  is  riveted  a  f^-ii^ch 
l)ronze  stud.  Each  girth  strap  passes  through  a  pair  of  these  loops, 
and  the  stud  enters  one  of  the  holes  in  the  girth  strap. 


13 

The  girth  is  made  of  olive  drab,  hard  laid  No.  60  cotton  seine  twine 
woven  in  the  center  and  at  each  end  near  the  buckles  with  No.  16 
olive  drab  cotton  seine  twine.  There  are  two  buckles  at  each  end  of 
special  design.  The  upper  ends  of  these  special  buckles  are  li\-inch 
roller  buckles,  and  the  lower  ends  of  the  buckles  are  widened  to  take 
the  strands  of  the  girth.  The  forward  buckle  on  each  side  takes  17 
strands  and  the  rear  buckle  18  strands,  the  strands  being  in  one  con- 
tinuous piece,  making  two  half  turns  and  a  half  hitch  each  time  it 
passes  through  the  loop  of  a  buckle. 

The  woven  center  band  of  the  girth  consists  of  eight  rows  of  chain 
stitching,  and  stitched  ujjon  this  band  is  a  chape  of  leather  carrying 
a  1^/4  by  %  ir\ch  buckle  of  0.18-inch  soft  brass  wire.  This  buckle 
points  to  the  rear  and  secures  the  carrier  strap,  elsewhere  described. 

Two  double-buckle,  pammel  coat  straps  and  three  single-buckle, 
can  tie  coat  straps  are  issued  for  use  in  packing  the  saddle.  These 
straps  are  %  inch  wide,  of  7  to  8  ounce  collar  leather. 

The  cantle  straps  are  each  20  inches  long.  The  pommel  straps  are 
271/2  inches  long,  the  second  strap  being  sewed  on  at  a  point  17% 
inches  from  the  pointed  end  and  extending  equally  with  the  strap 
proper. 

For  the  purpose  of  property  accountability  these  straps  are  con- 
sidered as  a  part  of  the  saddle  complete. 

The  saddle  is  made  in  two  sizes,  15  and  16  inches,  measured  on  the 
frame  from  the  rear  face  of  the  pommel  arch  to  the  front  face  of 
cantle  arch. 

Directions  for  Use  and  Care. 

Although  this  saddle  is  made  to  withstand  severe  treatment,  it  is 
recommended  that  it  be  subjected  to  no  greater  degree  of  neglect  and 
abuse  than  circumstances  may  require.  Its  beauty  and  finish  will 
amply  warrant  the  best  of  care.  To  saddle,  place  it  upon  the  blanket 
so  that  the  front  edge  of  the  side  bar  approaches  closely  to  the 
shoulder  blade  without  pressing  upon  it.  The  saddle  will  tend  to 
remain  in  that  position  and  will  give  little  trouble  by  shifting.  The 
saddle  adjusts  itself  automatically  to  the  horse's  back,  in  so  far  as 
the  bearing  surfaces  of  the  side  bars  are  concerned,  and  no  adjust- 
ment in  this  respect  is  required.  This  automatic  feature  is  brought 
about  by  applying  all  weight  that  comes  upon  the  side  bars  through 
their  center  of  rotation,  thus  leaving  the  side  bar  of  the  loaded  saddle 
entirely  free  to  adapt  itself  to  the  horse's  back.  In  order  to  preserve 
this  freedom,  no  attachments  of  any  kind  should  be  placed  on  the 
side  bar  other  than  as  issued,  and  no  weight  borne  by  the  saddle 
should  be  permitted  to  rest  upon  the^side  bars,  except  as  transmitted 
to  them  through  their  proper  hinges.     The  cantle  roll  support  and 


14 

straps  have  been  devised  especially  to  raise  the  roll  and  kee[)  all 
■weight  off  the  snrface  of  the  side  bars. 

The  girth  shonld  ordinarily  be  about  4  inches  in  rear  of  the  point 
of  the  elbow,  varying  somewhat  with  the  conformation  of  the  horse. 
It  is  readily  adjusted  in  this  respect  by  the  girth-strap  atljiisters 
(Plate  XIII).  To  move  the  girth  relatively  forward,  shorten  the 
front  girth  straps,  or  lengthen  the  rear  girth  straps,  or  both.  To 
move  the  girth  relatively  to  the  rear,  reverse  this  method.  By  this 
means  the  saddle  may  be  held  in  ditferent  positions  if  found  desir- 
able. Habitually  the  studs  should  be  in  the  corresponding  holes  in 
both  front  and  rear  straps.  A  variation  of  one  hole  is  usually  suffi- 
cient to  set  the  saddle  forward  or  back  to  conform  to  the  needs  of 
an  ill-shaped  horse  or  a  sore  back.  Three  lengths  of  girth  are  issued, 
to  wit,  28,  32,  and  36  inches.  Considerable  latitude  is  also  allowed  on 
the  girth  straps  for  lengthening  and  shortening.  It  is  desirable,  how- 
ever, that  the  proper  length  of  girth  be  obtained,  rather  than  to  try 
and  fit  all  horses  with  a  single  length.  Habitually  the  buckles  of  the 
girth  on  either  side  should  rest  upon  the  corresponding  girth-strap 
adjuster.  This  is  designed  to  act  as  a  safe  to  these  buckles  and  pre- 
vent their  injuring  the  horse.  A  sufficient  number  of  holes  is  pro- 
vided in  the  girth  straps  to  permit  of  the  lowering  the  adjusters  to 
serve   this   purpose. 

When  not  needed,  the  coat  straps  should  be  disposed  of  as  folloAvs: 
The  double  buckle  straps  ma}^  be  either  removed  and  placed  within 
the  pommel  pockets  or,  if  the  latter  are  worn  on  the  saddle,  the  free 
ends  of  the  double  buckle  straps  may  be  passed  through  their  usual 
staples  above  the  pommel  pockets,  from  rear  to  front,  flesh  side  up, 
thence  forward,  clown  in  front  of  pommel-pocket  gusset,  under  pom- 
mel-pocket attaching  strap,  and  back  to  buckles,  drawn  up  snugly, 
and  buckled  to  both  buckles;  the  remaining  single  buckle  coat  straps 
may  be  either  rolled  or  tAvisted  as  heretofore  on  the  McClellan  saddle. 

The  stirrups  are  attached  by  loops  that  permit  their  ready  re- 
moval from  the  saddle.  This  is  done  rather  for  reasons  of  con- 
venience than  of  safety.  If  the  latch  fails  to  open  readily  with  the 
fingers,  put  a  thong  through  its  eye  and  pull  on  the  thong.  The  stir- 
rups are  issued  dark  colored  and  are  not  to  be  brightened  by  polish- 
ing. If  rust  gathers  upon  them,  remove  it  by  an  oiled  rag.  The 
stirrup  straps  are  purposely  placed  Avith  flesh  side  out — this  pro- 
longs their  life.  They  ai-e  worn  with  the  buckles  drawn  up  against 
the  safety  loo})s  (m  saddle,  buckles  on  outside. 

AVhen  unsaddling  in  the  field,  fold  the  skirts  and  carrier  straps 
with  their  attachments  under  the  saddle  before  placing  it  on  the 
ground. 

In  o-arrison  the  saddle  should  be  himg  on  a  bracket  sufficiently 
wide  so  that  the  saddle  rests  on  its  side  bars.     If  a  narrower  support 


15 

is  used,  the  saddle  will  re-t  on  tlu'  low   point  in  its  letither  seat  and 
soon  become  hadlv   misshapen. 

Saddle  Blanket. 

To  fold  the  saddle  blanket,  i>rooeed  as  follows: 

The  blanket,  after  being  well  shaken,  will  be  folded  into  six  thick- 
nesses, as  follows:  Hold  it  well  up  by  the  two  corners,  the  long  way 
up  and  down;  double  it  lengthwise  (so  the  fold  will  come  between 
(he  ••  U  ""  and  "S"),  the  folded  corner  (middle  of  blanket)  in  the 
left  hand;  take  the  folded  corner  between  the  thumb  and  forefinger 
of  the  right  hand,  thumb  pointing  to  the  left;  slip  the  left  hand  down 
the  folded  edge  two-thirds  its  length  and  seize  it  with  the  thumb  and 
second  finger;  raise  the  hands  to  the  height  of  the  shouldei's,  the 
blanket  between  them  extended ;  bring  the  hands  together,  the  dou- 
ble fold  falling  outward;  pass  the  folded  corner  from  the  right  hand 
into  the  left  hand,  between  the  thumb  and  forefinger;  slip  the  second 
finger  of  the  right  hand  between  the  folds,  and  seize  the  double- 
folded  corner;  turn  the  left  (disengaged)  corner  in,  and  seize  it  with 
thimib  and  forefinger  of  the  right  hand,  the  second  finger  of  the 
light  hand  stretching  and  evening  the  folds;  after  evening  the  folds 
grasp  the  corners  and  shake  the  blanket  well  in  order  to  smooth  the 
.folds;  raise  the  blanket  and  place  it  between  the  chin  and  breast ;  slip 
the  hands  down  halfway,  the  first  tw^o  fingers  outside;  the  other  fin- 
gers and  thumb  of  each  hand  inside;  seize  the  blanket  with  the 
thumbs  and  first  tw^o  fingers;  let  the  part  under  the  chin  fall  for- 
ward; hold  the  blanket  up,  arms  extended;  even  the  lower  edges; 
seize  the  middle  points  between  the  thumbs  and  forefingers;  and 
flirt  the  outside  part  over  the  right  arm;  the  blanket  is  thus  held 
before  placing  it  on  the  horse. 

The  Cooling  Strap, 

(Plate  VII.) 

This  strap  is  made  of  olive-dral)  webbing,  is  S7i  inches  long  and  is 
fastened  with  a  tongueless  bar  buckFe.  The  horse's  back  should  not, 
when  heated,  be  immediately  exposed,  after  unsaddling,  to  (he  hot 
sun  or  to  the  cool  air.  The  saddle  blanket  should  be  left  upon  it  for 
a  reasonable  period.  To  keep  the  blanket  properly  in  place,  the 
cooling  strap  has  been  provided.  When  not  in  use,  fold  the  strap 
carefully  and  replace  it  in  the  compartment  therefor  in  the  rear 
of  the  otif  iDommel  pocket. 

The  Rifle  Carrier  Boot. 

(Plate  III.) 

This  piece  of  equipment  has  two  essential  parts — (1)  a  IcafJur 
bucket  in  which  the  butt  of  the  i-ifle   fi(s  (|ui(e  snugly,  and    {•!)    a 


16 

standing  part,  which  supports  the  l)ucket  and  serves  to  attach  the 
whole  boot  to  the  saddle. 

As  will  be  seen  from  the  cuts,  the  bucket  Is  a  flask-shaped  cup 
about  9  inches  hijih.  The  body  is  of  7  to  8  ounce  collar  leather  and 
has  a  sole-leathei-  lining.  Between  the  .lining  and  outside  there  are 
two  flat  steel  springs  so  shaped  and  located  as  to  cause  the  flat  sides 
of  the  boot  to  press  moderately  against  the  sides  of  the  rifle  butt, 
thus  steadying  it  and  preventing  excessive  movement.  The  bottom 
of  the  bucket  is  of  sole  leather,  oval  shaped,  and  pressed  into  the 
form  of  a  shallow  cup,  the  sides  of  which  are  riveted  to  the  bucket 
sides  by  24  brass  belt  rivets  with  burs.  There  is  a  bottom  lining  of 
gray  felt  \  inch  thick  to  deaden  the  pounding  of  the  rifle  butt. 

The  standing  part  of  the  boot  consists  of  a  stiff  body  about  17| 
inches  long  and  varying  in  width  from  4  to  6  inches,  made  up  of  two 
thicknesses  of  bridle  leather  9|  to  10|  ounces,  stitched  together  all 
around  the  edges  and  having  between  them  a  thin  sheet  steel  spring 
of  approximately  the  same  shape  for  stiffness.  In  addition  to  this 
spring  there  is  a  thin  cast  aluminum  alloy  reinforce  piece  for  added 
strength  at  the  bottom  where  the  bucket  is  attached.  The  attaching 
strap,  a  plain  strap  of  heavy  harness  leather,  is  riveted  onto  the  top 
of  the  standing  part,  then  passes  upward  through  a  loop  near  the 
near  cantle  hinge  of  the  saddle,  back  down  to  a  stud  in  the  back  of 
the  standing  part  where  adjustment  is  obtained,  thence  on  dow'nward 
to  the  carrier  strap  which  passes  under  the  horse. 

The  bucket  is  attached  to  the  standing  part  by  means  of  a  swivel 
on  the  lower  end  of  the  standing  part  which  engages  with  a  staple 
riveted  into  the  bottom  of  the  bucket.  The  whole  weight  of  the 
rifle  and  bucket  rests  on  this  swivel.  The  bucket  is  maintained  in 
an  upright  position  by  a  retaining  strap  which  is  riveted  into  the 
wall  of  the  bucket  but  is  held  to  the  standing  part  by  friction  only, 
so  that  if  the  bucket  is  violently  forced  away  from  the  standing  part, 
as  in  case  of  a  man  falling  from  his  horse  on  the  near  side,  the 
retaining  strap  will  slip  out  of  the  standing  part  and  allow  the  bucket 
to  swing  freely  from  the  swivel. 

In  order  to  obtain  sufficient  friction  on  the  retaining  strap  it  passes 
up  between  the  front  and  back  leathers  of  the  standing  part  for  a 
distance,  then  doubles  back  on  itself  under  a  metal  spring  loop  which 
holds  the  strap  firmly  enough  to  maintain  the  bucket  upright  unless 
an  abnormal  force  is  used  to  free  it. 

This  article  of  equipment  supports  the  rifle  while  it  is  on  the  sad- 
dled horse.  Before  "  Standing  to  horse  "  the  trooper  attaches  his 
rifle  to  his  belt  by  passing  the  muzzle  up  through  the  belt  ring  and 
engaging  the  snap  hook  of  the  belt  ring  strap  into  the  trigger  guard. 
To  insure  that  the  trigger  guard  screws  may  not  work  out  due  to  this 


17 

method  of  slinging  the  rifle  to  the  hclt.  tighlcii  tlu'  tiiggi>r  guard 
screws  periodically. 

At  "  Stand  to  horse,"  the  rifle  being  slung  to  the  belt,  the  trooper 
then  has  both  hands  free  to  use  for  any  purpose.  Being  at  "  Stand 
to  horse,"  ui:)on  any  preparatory  command,  except  for  mounting  or 
linking  horses,  at  once  unsling  rifle  from  belt  ring  and  take  position 
of  "  Order  arms,"  removing  bridoon  reins  from  horse's  neck  and 
passing  right  ai-m  through  them,  if  necessary.  If  the  conunand  is 
for  linking  horses,  link  first,  and  then  unsling  rifle.  To  mount,  pro- 
ceed as  though  without  rifle.  When  seated  in  saddle,  with  left 
hand  grasp  rifle  at  bolt,  barrel  to  the  front,  slip  butt  of  the  rifle  into 
the  bucket,  steadying  the  latter  witli  left  foot  if  desired,  and  take  the 
position  of  the  trooper  mounted.  To  dismount,  at  preparator}'^  com- 
mand, seize  the  rifle  with  left  hand  at  the  bolt,  give  it  a  quick,  forci- 
ble pull,  lifting  butt  from  the  bucket,  and  let  rifle  hang  from  the  belt. 
After  this  preparation  dismount  as  though  without  rifle,  except  that 
as  the  right  foot  passes  over  the  croup,  bring  it  beside  the  left  foot, 
still  in  the  stirrup,  and  make  a  slight  pause.  This  permits  rifle  to 
come  to  rest  in  a  vertical  position  and  prevents  its  unnecessary 
swinging  as  trooper  descends  to  the  ground. 

The  rifle  carrier  is  fastened  to  the  saddle  horse  by  passing  the  end 
of  the  attaching  strap  downward  through  the  loop  on  near  cantle 
hinge,  and  securing  by  its  proper  stud  and  loop  on  back  side  of  stand- 
ing portion  of  the  boot.  The  free  end  of  this  strap  below  the  stud 
forms  a  depending  billet  which  attaches  to  the  near  buckle  of  the  car- 
I'ier  strap.  The  boot  is  adjusted  to  the  particular  trooper  by  placing 
him  on  the  saddle  horse,  his  rifle  in  the  bucket,  and  raising  or  lower- 
ing the  boot  to  suit  his  convenience.  The  retaining  strap  is  purely  a 
safety  device.  In  case  the  trooper  should  he  thrown  towai-d  the  near 
side,  the  retaining  strap  will  be  forcibly  pulled  from  its  loop,  the 
bucket  will  fall  and  release  the  rifle  butt.  The  trooper  will  thus  be 
disengaged  fi'om  his  horse.  When  thiown  in  any  ether  direction, 
this  act  will  of  itself  withdraw  the  rifle  from  the  bucket.  Once  the 
retaining  strap  is  Avithdrawn  from  its  loop  from  any  cause,  the 
trooper  befoi'e  mounting  should  replace  it.  This  is  easily  done. 
Pass  the  free  end  up  through  leather  facing  of  standing  part,  if 
necessary,  then  through  metal  loop,  and  draw  bucket  into  vertical 
position  against  standing  pai-t  of  boot.  Turn  free  end  of  retaining 
strap  on  itself,  and  pass  back  thi-ough  metal  loop,  above  previous 
part,  then  downwai'd  thi-ough  leathei-  loo])  on  outside  face  of  stand- 
ing part,  and  draw  it  sufliciently  snug  to  hrii^g  fold  to  lo'tthln  ahouf  \ 
inch  of  metal  loop. 

It  is  impracticable  with  this  carrying  device  to  "advance  rifle." 

58150°— 18 2 


18 
Stock  Cover. 

(Plate  IV.) 

This  is  essentially  u  protecting  band  of  collar  leather,  7  to  8  ounces, 
Avhich  clamps  snugly  around  the  rifle  stock  just  above  the  rear  sight 
and  extends  forward  along  the  stock  for  a  distance  of  about  9f  inches. 
The  object  of  the  cover  is  to  prevent  injury  to  the  rifle  where  it 
comes  in  contact  with  the  belt  ring,  and  further  to  prevent  injury 
to  the  belt  ring  by  the  sling  swivel  of  the  rifle  moving  up  and  downi 
through  it.  It  is  practically  a  plain  cylinder  of  leather,  except  that 
it  is  cut  away  where  it  passes  over  the  lower  band  and  swivel  and 
sling  of  the  rifle,  and  a  protecting  flap,  called  the  swivel  safe,  is 
sewed  on  at  this  point.  The  cover  is  kept  in  place  by  a  spring  bolt 
and  lock  riveted  into  the  overlapping  edges.  The  swivel  safe  above 
mentioned  has  two  slots  cut  in  it,  through  which  the  sHng  of  the 
rifle  may  be  passed. 

To  place,  lock  the  cover  together  just  above  its  position  on  the 
rifle,  slip  it  down  to  its  proper  position,  and  secure  it  there  by  pass- 
ing the  gun  sling  through  lower  slot  from  outside  inward,  then 
thi-ough  swivel  from  below  upward,  then  through  upper  slot  from 
inside  outward,  thence  back  to  sliding  loop  on  gun  sling  and  draw 
taut  to  press  swivel  against  stock  below  the  band. 

Rifle  Cover. 

(Piute  IV.) 

This  article  is  made  af  olive-drab  qotton  duck,  8  ounces  per  square 
yard  in  weight,  fiber  dyed.  It  is  of  one  single  piece,  except  for  a 
reinforce  band  at  the  muzzle  end  4  inches  w'ide.  There  is  a  draw- 
string of  cotton  seine  twine.  The  length  of  the  cover  made  up  is 
34  inches,  Avhich  length  is  determined  by  the  fact  that  the  trigger 
guard  nuist  be  exposed  to  permit  of  attachment  of  belt-ring  snap. 
The  cover  is  practically  waterproof,  and  makes  up  in  a  measure  for 
the  loss  of  protection  to  the  rifle  in  storms,  formerly  furnished  by 
the  old-pattern  rifle  scabbard.  The  proper  authority  will  determine 
on  what  occasions  it  will  be  made  use  of.  When  not  worn  on  the  rifle, 
it  can  be  conveniently  carried  in  the  cantle  roll. 

The  Cavalry  Saber,  Model  of  1913. 

(Plate  v.) 

The  cavalry  saber,  model  of  lOl.*^.  has  a  straight  two-edged  hlade, 
with  a  chi.sel  point.  The  blade  is  of  forged  steel;  extreme  length, 
including  grip,  being  approximately  41|  inches.     The  blade  proper 


19 

tapers  from  a  width  of  1.175  inclu's  ami  a  thickness  of  0.298  inch  at 
the  guard  to  a  ^A'i(Uh  of  0.58  inch  and  a  thickness  of  0.162  inch,  1.8 
inches  from  the  point,  and  from  the  hitter  section  for\A'ard  is  tapered 
to  the  chisel  point.  The  bhide  has  a  groove  running  down  each 
side  to  within  4J  inches  of  the  point.  I>oth  edges  are  sharp,  except 
that  the  back  is  dulled  to  a  width  of  0.08  inch  for  a  distance  of  18 
inches  from  the  guard  and  the  front  edge  for  a  distance  of  12  inches 
from  the  guard. 

The  grip  end  of  the  bhide  is  shaped  to  take  the  pommel^  which  is 
a  steel  forging  forming  the  back  of  the  grip.  This  piece  is  checked 
with  diagonal  milling  cuts  11  per  inch  and  has  a  checked  thumb  de- 
pression. This  ponnnol  is  fastened  to  the  back  of  the  bla(k»  and  to 
the  sides  are  fastened  the  right  and  left  cpvps  of  black  hard  rubber 
checked  Avith  13  per  inch  checking.  The  rubber  grips  are  fastened  on 
Avith  two  grip  scrcAA's  about  1  inch  long,  passing  through  grips  and 
bhide.  The  pommel  is  secured  to  the  blade  by  a  pommel  screAA'  at  the 
extreme  rear  end  1|  inches  long,  AA'hich  screws  into  the  blade. 

The  guard  is  of  sheet  steel  0.042  inch  thick,  pressed  to  form  a 
complete  protection  for  the  hand  and  stiffened  by  three  grooves 
pressed  into  it.  The  guard  is  fastened  at  its  rear  end  by  being  brazed 
to  a  connection  plug  Avhich  enters  tlie  pommel  piece,  and  is  held 
therein  b3'  the  pommel  screAv  passing  through  it.  The  guard  is 
furtlier  stiffened  by  the  edges  being  rolled  iuAA'ard  all  around  the 
guard.  Just  beloAv  the  guard  on  the  blade  is  a  sheet  steel  wa.^her 
and  beloAv  that  a  leather  toasher  to  protect  the  guard  against  the 
saber  scabbard. 

The  guard  and  j)()inmel  are  given  a  broAvn  finish  and  the  blade  is 
left  bright  and  polished. 

The  saber  Avill  be  issued  sharp,  and  should  be  kept  in  that  condi- 
tion. The  metal  portions  of  the  hilt  should  not  be  brightened  by 
polishing.  If  rust  gathers  upon  them,  rub  it  off  Avith  an  oiled  rag. 
The  saber  is  carried  in  the  saber  carrier,  edge  to  the  rear,  secured  by 
tlic  billet  on  the  carrier  through  loop  on  the  scabbard. 

The  Service  Saber  Scabbard. 

(IMate  V.) 

This  scabbard  is  made  up  of  a  hickoiT  body,  thoroughly  seasoned 
and  dipped  in  oil  and  white  lead;  a  rairhlde  cover,  scAved  uji  Avith 
a  raAA'hide  string  and  drawn  on  tightly.  Avhen  Avet,  so  as  to  dry  in 
place,  making  a  firm  covering,  and  tiien  liioroiighly  coated  Avith 
shellac;  an  outer  covering  of  tubular  olive-drab  webbing;  a  tip  of 
draAvn  steel,  forced  on,  riveted  Avith  three  through  rivets  and 
crimped  to  the  body;  a  mouthpiece  of  pressed  steel,  Avelded  at  the 


20 

seams  and  having  a  ring  on  each  side  for  attaching  saber  attach- 
ment, the  mouthpiece  riveted  to  scabbard  by  three  bifurcated  rivets 
and  crimped.  Inside  this  mouthpiece  is  a  flat  spring,  which  bears 
on  the  saber  so  as  to  hokl  it  firmly  in  phice,  but  at  the  same  time 
admitting  of  easy  withdrawal  of  saber. 

The  metal  parts  have  a  dull  bronze  finish,  and  the  web  cover  is 
given  two  coats  of  shellac  to  render  it  waterproof,  of  unifrom  ap- 
pearance, and  not  easily  soiled.  The  tip  has  a  point  with  a  hole 
for  drainage,  the  tip  being  of  proper  size  to  fit  the  grommets  of 
the  shelter  tent,  so  that  the  scabbard  Avith  saber  in  it  can  be  used 
for  a  shelter-tent  pole. 

IMetal  parts  of  the  scabbard  must  not  be  polished.  If  rusty,  clean 
them  with  an  oiled  rag.  The  canvas  cover  should  not  be  soiled  by 
smearing  oil  or  grease  upon  it. 

The  Saber  Knot. 

The  saber  knot  consists  of  two  ^-inch  body  straps,  13^  inches 
long,  on  which  are  two  movable  slides.  At  one  end  a  3|-inch  but- 
ton loop  is  attached  by  means  of  a  button,  and  at  the  other  end  is 
secured  a  blind  tassel  body  composed  of  a  compact  roll  of  leather 
about  2f  inches  long  by  f  inch  in  diameter. 

Saber  Carrier,  Service. 

(riate  v.) 

The  saber  carrier  consists  of  two  princi])al  parts,  a  base  piece  and 
the  saber  loop.  The  loop  is  essentially  a  tube  of  medium  harness 
leather  (>  inches  long  and  of  oval  cross  section  to  conform  to  the 
scabbard  Avhich  is  carried  in  it.  The  loop  is  lined  with  a  light  collar 
leathei-. 

The  loop  is  hung  from  the  base  piece  by  means  of  a  large  bronze 
joint  or  swivel,  which  is  so  designed  as  to  permit  of  motion  relative 
to  the  base  piece  only  in  one  plane,  i.  e.,  the  vertical  plane  parallel 
to  the  axis  of  the  animal.  This  motion  is  itself  restricted  by  stops 
in  the  swivel  suitably  located  so  that  the  loop  carrying  the  scabbard 
and  saber  can  swing  about  40°  to  th?  front  or  rear. 

The  loop  has  stitched  onto  its  outside  a  saber  loop  billet,  a  strap 
of  7  to  8  ounce  collar  leather,  which  serves  to  fasten  the  scabbard 
in  place  in  the  saber  loop. 

The  base  piece  is  made  up  of  two  pieces  of  leather  about  12^  inches 
long  and  5^'^.  inches  wide  at  widest  part,  the  upper  corners  rounded 
and  the  lower  end  tapered  down  to  1^  inches  wide.  These  two  pieces 
are  stitched  together  all  around  the  edges,  and  the  outer  one  has  a 
2.8-inch  hole  where  the  stationary  part  of  the  swivel  protrudes.    At 


21 

the  upper  corner  of  the  base  piece  is  riveted  and  stitched  an  attach- 
ing strap  or  billet  of  medium  harness  leather  1^  inches  wide.  This 
strap  is  23|  inches  lono;,  and  after  passing  up  to  the  off  suspension 
loop  on  the  cantle  of  the  saddle  returns  to  a  1^-inch  bronze-finished 
barrel  roller  buckle  on  the  base  piece. 

Extending  from  the  tapered-down  bottom  of  the  base  piece  is  a 
depending  billet,  a  strap  of  medium  harness  leather  1^  inches  wide 
and  21^  inches  long,  which  ]iassos  under  the  animal  and  is  buckled 
to  the  carrier  straj). 

In  the  base  piece  just  above  the  swivel  is  a  key  slot  cut  through 
the  swivel  plate  and  leathei-  of  the  base  piece  w^hich  is  for  attaching 
the  intrenching  tool  carrier  to  the  saber  carrier. 

The  o'fficers'  saher  carTier  differs  from  the  above  in  several  partic- 
ulars; the  base  piece  is  lightei-  and  padded  with  goat  hair  next  to  the 
animal  where  the  swivel  would  be  a})t  to  chafe.  The  attaching  and 
depending  billets  are  of  7  to  8  ounce  collar  leather  |  inch  wide;  the 
loop  is  lighter  and  slightly  longer;  the  swivel  is  of  lighter  construc- 
tion and  permits  slightly  less  swing  to  front  and  rear. 

This  carrier  is  designed  to  carry  the  bright  metal  officers'  garrison 
scabbard  only.     In  the  field  officers  will  use  the  service  scabbard. 

The  scabbard  is  placed  on  the  off  side  of  the  saddled  horse  and 
held  in  place  by  passing  its  attaching  strap  through  the  loop  on  the 
off  cantle  hinge.  The  depending  billet  buckles  to  the  carrier  strap. 
Adjust  so  that  saber  shall  swing  in  a  vertical  plane.  .  Keep  swnvel 
well  oiled.     Do  not  brighten  metal  parts. 

If  it  is  desired  to  be  armed  with  the  saber  mounted,  but  without 
the  rifle  carrier  boot,  or  the  special  picket  pin  carrier,  as  the  case 
may  be,  remove  the  carrier  strap  wholly  from  the  equipment.  Then 
buckle  the  depending  billet  of  the  saber  carrier  into  the  swivel  buckle 
on  the  girth  and  adjust  to  proper  tension.  It  is  probable  that  this 
billet  end  will  not  pass  into  the  standing  loop  beyond  the  swivel 
buckle,  on  account  of  the  angle  made  by  this  billet.  This  need  cause 
no  inconvenience — dispose  of  the  billet  end  by  tucking  it  in  between 
the  strands  of  the  girth,  which  will  answer  just  as  well. 

When  separating  from  the  horses  for  extended  fighting  on  foot,  if 
the  horses  are  to  be  led  any  material  distance  or  over  rough  gi^ound, 
then  the  saber  should  be  secured  to  its  scabbard  by  the  saber  knot. 

The  Carrier  Strap. 

(Phitc  XIII.) 

This  is  a  leather  safe,  trilobular  in  shape,  about  6^  inches  wide 
and  5  inches  long.  To  the  foi-ward  lobe  is  attached  a  strap  of  9^ 
to  10|  ounce  bridle  leather.  \\  inches  wide  by  12  inches  long,  which 
connects  the  carrier  to  the  girth  by  means  of  the  buckle  in  the  center 


22 

of  the  girth.  To  each  side  k)be  of  the  carrier  strap  is  attached  by 
a  leather  chape  a  l]-iiich  nuiHeable-iron  roller  buckle,  bronzed,  the 
leather  cliape  carrying  a  standing  loop.  These  buckles  serve  as  means 
of  attaching  the  depending  billets  of  the  saber  carrier  and  rifle  car- 
rier boot,  or  special  picket  pin  carrier. 

The  purpose  of  this  article  is  to  retain  the  rifle  boot,  or  special 
locket  pin  carrier,  as  the  case  may  be,  and  the  saber  carrier  snugly 
against  the  flanks  of  the  horse,  thus  avoiding  all  flapping,  swinging, 
and  unnecessary  motion  of  whatever  kind.  It  should  be  draw^n  suffi- 
cientl,y  snug  to  accurately  accomi)lisli  this  purpose  and  no  more.  It 
serves  in  no  sense  as  a  rear  girth — the  saddle  needs  no  rear  girth — 
and  it  should  not  be  employed  for  any  such  purpose.  The  strap 
attaching  it  to  buckle  in  girth  admits  of  easy  adjustment  to  accom- 
modate horses  of  different  conformation. 

The  Intrenching  Tools. 

(TMale  VI.) 

The  hTiovpI. — This  consists  of  a  blade  only,  the  trooper's  picket 
pin  supplying  the  handle. 

The  shovel  is  of  sheet  steel  0.058  inch  thick.  It  is  7|  inches  long 
and  6|  inches  wide  at  the  top.  The  top  edge  is  bent  over  toward 
the  concave  side  of  the  shovel  so  as  to  form  a  stiffening  rib  -^^  inch 
wide  along  the  top  edge  of  two  thicknesses  of  metal. 

On  the  front  of  the  shovel  is  a  socket  made  of  forged  steel  riveted 
on  with  six  ^^g-inch  rivets.  This  socket  fits  the  small  end  of  the  picket 
pin.  A  short  5-link  steel  chain  is  fastened  to  the  shovel  near  the 
socket,  and  this  chain  carries  at  its  outer  end  a  split  pin  which  enters 
a  hole  in  the  picket  pin,  thus  securing  the  latter  Avhen  in  its  place  as  a 
shovel  handle. 

To  assemble,  slip  the  pin  into  the  socket  in  the  blade,  turn  the  pin 
gently  till  the  hole  in  the  web  of  the  pin  is  nearest  the  cotter  pin  of 
the  blade.  Insert  this  cotter  pin  in  the  hole  in  the  web  and  turn 
the  picket  pin  handle  till  the  chain  binds.  To  detach,  reverse  the 
process.  Do  not  use  blows  or  violence.  Keep  the  picket  pin  clean 
and  free  from  rust  and  there  will  be  no  difficulty.  Carry  the  shovel, 
on  the  march,  in  the  outer  compartment  in  the  intrenching  tool  car- 
rier, convex  surface  outward.  To  go  on  the  dismounted  firing  line 
the  trooj)er  assembles  his  shovel  in  the  tool  frog  of  his  belt,  concave 
surface  next  him,  carries  the  depending  strap  of  his  belt  ring  across 
on  the  outside  of  th(>  sho\el  blade  from  rear  to  front,  and  engages 
its  snap  hook  upon  the  upper  edge  of  the  belt  just  in  front  of  the 
magazine  pocket  on  the  left  side. 

The  Pu'h. — This  is  a  single,  chisel-pointed  pick,  made  of  tool  steel; 
the  pick,  consisting  of  head  only  is  G^  inches  long  over  all,  1  inch 


23 

wide  at  the  blade,  tapering  back  4i  inches  to  f  inch  wide.  Thickness 
at  base  of  bevel  ^'V  inch,  tapering  back  4J  inches  to  -^n  inch.  The 
eye  for  the  handle  is  forged  in  the  head  to  fit  the  larger  end  of  the 
picket  pin  snugly.  The  pick  is  ground  to  an  edge,  tempered,  and 
painted  olive  drab  all  over.     Weight  when  finished  9i  ounces. 

This  article,  as  the  above,  utilizes  trooper's  picket  pin  for  its 
handle.  Introduce  the  pin  through  the  e3'^e  of  the  pick  from  the  front 
toward  the  rear,  hammer  face  of  pin  toward  back  of  pick.  The  pick 
is  issued  along  with  the  shovel  blades  in  the  proportion  of  one  pick 
to  three  shovels.  On  the  horse  it  is  carried  in  the  intrenching-tool 
carrier.  To  carry  dismounted,  assem])le,  slip  point  of  pin  handle' 
down  through  loop  of  tool  frog,  edge  to  the  front,  and  secure  belt- 
ring  strap  as  explained  in  case  of  the  shovel. 

The  2^ick  cover  (Plate  IV)  remains  constantl}^  upon  the  pick  except 
when  the  latter  is  in  use;  the  trooper  then  puts  the  cover  in  his 
pocket  for  the  time  being. 

The  Ilafrkef. — This  consists  of  the  head  only  and  is  4|  inches 
long  centrally,  measured  on  the  face  of  the  blade,  the  back  of  the 
head  being  rectangular  and  2^  inches  by  f  inch.  The  eye  is  forged 
in  the  head  to  fit  the  larger  end  of  the  picket  pin  snugly.  The 
edge  is  ground  sharp  and  tempered,  and  the  head  is  painted  olive 
drab  all  over  except  the  cutting  edge  for  |  inch  wide.  The  hatchet 
finished  weighs  20  ounces. 

As  above  stated,  the  head  only  is  finished.  Place  the  picket  pin 
in  the  eye  of  the  hatchet  from  front  to  rear,  face  of  hammer  head 
on  same  side  as  back  of  hatchet  head.  A  slight  blow  or  jar  on  ex- 
treme hammer  end  Avill  tighten  the  hatchet  on  pin  handle.  To  loosen 
it  jar  the  point  end  of  the  pin.  This  tool  is  issued  to  troops  at  the 
rate  of  one  for  each  sergeant,  omitting  the  first  sergeant.  It  is  car- 
ried in  the  intrenching  tool  carrier,  in  the  same  compai'tment  as  the 
shovel  or  pick  of  the  other  troopers.  To  carry  dismounted,  assemble, 
slip  point  end  of  pin  down  through  loo])  of  tool  frog,  edge  to  the 
front,  and  secure  belt-ring  strap  as  explained  in  case  of  the  shovel. 

The  hatchet  cover  (Plate  IV)  remains  constantly  upon  the  hatchet 
except  when  the  latter  is  in  use;  the  trooper  then  puts  the  cover  in  his 
pocket  for  the  time  being. 

The  Intrenching-Tool  Carrier. 

The  intrffirhiiuf-iool  ('(in-ier  (Plat^  VI)  is  a  leather  pocket  con- 
forming to  shape  of  shovel,  nuide  of  a  front  and  back  of  medium  har- 
ness leather  stitched  together  around  the  edges.  The  back  piece  is 
longer  than  the  front  and  doubles  over  to  form  a  flap,  which  flap  is 
locked  by  t^wo  staples  protruding  through  the  flap  and  double-ended 
billet  passing  through  the  staples.     The  pocket  has  a  partition  of  5  to 


24 

C)  ounce  collar  leather,  thus  forming  a  large  inside  pocket  for  carrying 
horseshoes,  nails,  etc.  There  is  a  small  nail  pocket  of  3i-ounce  collar 
leather  3^  by  2|  inches  wide,  which  can  be  removed  from  the  shovel 
carrier,  but  is  attached  thereto  by  a  short  thong. 

This  article  of  the  equipment  is  for  the  purpose  of  carrying  either 
the  shovel,  the  pick,  or  the  hatchet,  as  the  case  may  be,  in  its  outer 
coniiiartniont,  and  the  trooper's  extra  horseshoe  and  nails  in  the  inner 
compartment.  It  is  attached  to  the  saddled  horse  l)v  means  of  the 
saber  carrier  and  the  loop  at  the  rear  of  the  off  girth-strap  adjuster. 
To  attach  it.  to  the  saber  carrier,  turn  the  saber  carrier  till  the  axis 
of  its  slot  is  parallel  to  and  just  over  that  of  the  lock  stud  on  the 
intrenching-tool  carrier.  Slip  the  stud  through  the  slot  and  turn 
the  saber  carrier  on  this  stud  so  that  when  the  axis  of  the  base  piece 
of  the  saber  carrier  is  vertical,  and  its  depending  billet  extending 
downward,  that  of  the  intrenching-tool  carrier  will  be  horizontal, 
and  slip  the  billet  of  the  saber  carrier  through  the  loop  on  the  lower 
edge  of  intrenching-tool  carrier.  The  saber  carrier  is  then  attached 
to  the  saddle  and  carrier  strap  by  its  proper  billets,  and  the  billet 
at  point  of  intrenching-tool  carrier  is  buckled  through  loop  on  girth- 
strap  adjuster  into  its  proper  buckle. 

The  Cavalry  Picket  Pin  and  Lariat. 

The  picket  p/n  (Plate  VI)  is  a  forging  of  medium-grade  crucible 
steel.  It  is  13f  inches  over  all  length  and  is  slightly  tapering  from 
a  width  of  1:^  inches  under  the  head  to  ^  inch  diameter  f  inch  above 
the  point.  The  shank  of  the  pin  is  of  channel  section,  for  lightness, 
from  the  head  to  3J  inches  from  the  point  with  a  web  i%  inch  thick. 
The  head  of  the  pin  is  shaped  like  a  claw  hammer,  so  that  the  pin 
can  be  used  as  such  when  desired.  The  point  and  head  are  given  a 
mild  temper. 

The  lariat  (Plate  VIII)  is  made  of  olive-drab  cotton  webbing, 
§-inch  wide,  oval  in  section.  At  one  end  is  a  J-inch  swivel  eye- 
bolt  snap,  bronze  finish,  and  at  the  other  end  a  double  eye.  The 
double  eye  is  of  bronze,  and  the  part  engaging  in  the  loop  of  the 
lariat  is  a  |-inch  D.  while  the  other  part  is  a  ring  1^  inches  diameter. 
The  lariat  assembled  is  15  feet  long,  exclusive  of  the  snap  and 
double  eye. 

The  picket  pin  serves  as  a  handle  for  the  several  intrenching  tools, 
also  a  shooing  hammer  and  a  clinching  iron  in  emergencies,  as  well 
as  its  usual  i)urpose  of  aiding  in  tethering  a  horse.  To  use  it  with 
the  lariat,  snap  the  hook  of  the  latter  into  the  halter  ring,  and  drive 
the  pin  through  the  ring  of  the  double  eye  on  the  lariat,  leaving  the 
hammer  head  slightly  above  the  surface  of  the  ground.  The  ring 
will  then  work  around  the  pin  as  the  horse  feeds,  giving  a  swivel 


'SO 

effect.  In  case  the  horse  pulls  up  the  pin,  the  loop  will  draw  off  the 
pin,  and  the  latter  should  be  found  near  the  point  it  was  driven. 
The  pin  is  carried  on  the  march  either  in  its  case  on  the  saber  scab- 
bard or  in  the  special  carrier,  as  the  case  may  be. 

The  Picket  Pin  Case. 

The  picket  pin  case  (PI.  VT)  is  a  slightly  conical  tube  of  7  to  8 
ounces,  collar  leather,  13^  inches  long,  shaped  to  fit  the  picket  pin 
quite  closely.  There  are  two  straps  with  buckles  which  encircle  it  and 
secure  it  to  the  saber  scabbard,  the  upper  one  J  inch  wide  and  the 
lower  §  inch  wide,  both  of  7  to  8  ounce  collar  leather.  A  billet  piece 
at  the  top  passes  over  the  head  of  the  pin  and  secures  it. 

The  case  carries  the  picket  pin  for  those  troopers  armed  with  the 
rifle.  The  upper  strap  passes  around  the  scabbard  through  the  car- 
rier rings  thereon.    The  lower  strap  passes  around  the  scabbard. 

The  Ration  Bags. 

(Plate  X.) 

These  bags,  one  right  and  one  left,  forming  a  pair,  are  made  of  a 
heavy  fiber  dyed  duck.  No.  1,  which  weighs  28  ounces  per  square 
yard.  The  back  piece  is  approximately  21  inches  long  and  7  inches 
wide,  the  lower  11^  inches  being  double  in  thickness.  This  piece  i^s 
bound  around  the  edges  with  cotton  webbing  -^^  ounce  per  yard 
and  %  inch  wide. 

To  this  back  piece  is  stitched  the  pocTcet  hody^  made  of  one  piece  of 
the  No.  1  duck,  the  pattern  being  cut  to  include  the  front,  side  gussets, 
bottom,  and  gusset  flaps  at  the  top,  the  whole  forming,  when  stitched 
to  the  back  piece,  a  pocket  approximately  6  inches  wide,  11  inches 
long,  and  3  inche^s  deep.  On  the  back  of  each  back  piece  is  fastened 
a  sttspoidcr  of  cotton  webbing  2  inches  wide.  This  suspender  is  so 
attached  to  the  back  piece  that  it  can  swing  out  at  the  proper  angle 
for  slinging  over  the  shoulder  (about  -10°),  or  can  swing  over  in  a 
line  parallel  with  the  axis  of  the  bag  when  used  to  connect  the  two 
bags  for  slinging  over  the  cantle  of  the  saddle. 

The  forwai'd  side  of  each  bag  i,s  so  arranged  that  the  back  piece 
extends  out  from  under  (he  pocket ;  these  extensions,  when  over- 
lapped, serve  as  a  means  for  connecting  the  bags  together  to  form  a 
knapsack,  as  shown  asseml)led  in  plate. 

When  used  as  a  knapsack  the  belt  and  stay  gtrap  shown  in  plate 
are  attached  to  the  billet  on  Ihe  sus])ender  body.  Wlien  the  bags  are 
arranged  to  sling  over  the  cantle  of  the  saddle  these  belts  and  stay 
straps  are  removed  from  the  suspender  billet  and  attached  to  a  billet 
at  the  bottom  of  each  bag  and  serve  to  connect  the  bags  to  small 
D -rings  on  the  rifle  boot  and  saber  carrier  to  steady  the  bags  in  place. 


26 

To  the  outside  of  the  pocket  of  each  bag  is  stitched  a  flap  of  the 
No.  1  duck,  10^  by  4iV  inches;  this  piece  is  stitched  only  along  its 
bottom  edge  and  rear  edge,  the  front  and  top  edges  being  free.  The 
front  edge  is  provided  with  six  grommets  for  lacing,  so  that  when  the 
two  bags  are  assembled  into  the  knapsack  these  flaps  are  laced  up  to 
form  the  meat-can  pocket. 

The  ration  bags  are  intended  for  campaign  use  and  will  carry  two 
haversack  rations  and  one  emergency  ration  (packed  after  the  man- 
ner of  the  present  issue  of  rations),  although  their  ordinary  contents 
will  be  one  haversack  ration  and  one  emergency  ration.  These  rations 
will  distribute  quite  evenly,  both  as  to  weight  and  volume,  between 
the  two  bags. 

The  bacon  bag  is  an  accessory  of  the  ration  bags  and  is  intended 
to  carry  the  portion  of  a  trooper's  haversack  ration  of  bacon  remain- 
ing after  he  has  broken  open  the  can  and  consumed  some  of  it.  Place 
the  bacon  in  the  bag  without  the  can.  It  is  not  probable  the  can 
could  be  gotten  in  the  bag,  and  in  any  case  it  would  only  strain  and 
tear  the  bag.  The  enamel  lining  has  been  analyzed  and  found 
harndess. 

Four  leather  thongs  are  supplied  each  trooper  for  securing  his 
blanket  when  dismounted,  or  for  other  purposes.  They  are  carried 
in  the  ration  bags.    Keep  them  clean,  soft,  and  pliable. 

(1)  To  pack  the  ration  bags  with  two  haversack  rations  and  one 
emergencj'  ration  when  bacon  is  furnished  as  a  meat  component, 
place  in  the  rear  ration  bag  two  hard-bread  packages,  on  the  side 
next  to  the  horse,  and  one  can  of  bacon  on  the  outside,  with  the  flat 
side  of  the  bacon  can  against  the  hard-bread  packages.  If  the  bacon 
is  in  a  short  or  Morris  can,  push  it  to  the  bottom  of  the  bag  and  put 
the  two  grocery  components  above  it.  If  the  bacon  is  in  a  long  or 
Dold  can,  the  two  grocery  components  placed  flat  side  down  will 
just  fit  in  level  on  top  of  the  bacon  and  the  hard  bread.  Then  in  the 
off  ration  bag  put  one  emergency  ration  flat  side  down  in  the  bottom 
of  the  bag.  Next  put  in  two  packages  of  hard  bread  on  the  side  next 
to  the  horse  and  one  can  of  bacon  on  the  outside.  If  this  can  is  a 
Morris  can,  it  will  only  fill  the  lower  half.  If  it  is  a  Dold  or  long  can, 
it  will  reach  to  the  top  of  ration  bag.  Packed  in  this  w^ay  the  off 
bag  is  1^  ounces  heavier  than  the  near  bag,  as  near  to  a  balance  as  the 
contents  will  permit. 

(2)  When  canned  corned  beef  is  carried  instead  of  bacon  the  same 
system  of  j^laciug  the  hard  bread  and  canned  meat  is  followed,  as 
above,  except  that  the  long  pyramidal  can  of  corned  beef  will  extend 
to  the  bottom  of  each  ration  bag  where  its  sharp  edges  will  wear  out 
the  canvas  unless  a  wadding  of  paper  or  hay  is  first  thrust  into  the 
bag.    In  carrying  this  particular  can  of  meat,  care  must  always  be 


27 

taken  to  protect  the  bottom  of  the  bag  in  the  manner  mentioned. 
The  emergency  ration  in  the  off  pocket  shoukl  n^)t  be  placed  in  tlie 
bottom  but  should  be  brought  up  and  put  alongside  the  corned-beef 
can  in  order  to  give  a  better  shape  to  the  bag.  The  balance  will  be 
the  same  as  when  bacon  is  carried,  although  the  rations  weigh  11 
ounces  more. 

(3)  If  the  issue  of  the  meat  component  happens  to  be  one-half 
bacon  and  yne-half  corned  beef,  the  bags  are  packed  with  three  hard- 
liread  packages,  two  grocery  components  and  one  emergency  ration 
on  the  near  side  and  one  hard  bread,  one  bacon,  and  one  corned-beef 
can  on  the  off  side.  This  makes  the  off  bag  H  ounces  heavier  than 
the  near  bag,  exactly  as  before. 

(4)  To  pack  the  ration  bags  with  one  haversack  ration  and  one 
emergency  ration  when  the  meat  component  of  the  former  is  bacon, 
place  one  hard-bread  carton,  one  grocery  component,  and  one  emer- 
gency ration  in  the  near  bag.  The  off  bag  is  then  2  ounces  heavier 
than  the  near  bag,  as  nearly  as  the  contents  can  be  made  to  balance. 
In  order  to  keep  the  bag  in  shape,  stuff  with  hay,  oats,  or  grass. 

(5)  As  rations  are  consumed,  i-earrange  remaining  contents  so  as 
to  keep  the  balance.  If  one  side  must  be  heavier  than  the  other,  let 
it  be  always  the  off  side,  thus  aiding  in  counterbalancing  the  weight 
of  the  rifle.  To  hold  remaining  contents  in  place,  stuff  bags  with 
paper  or  extra  oats  and  lace  the  grommets  with  small  thong.  When 
only  the  emergency  ration  remains,  put  it  and  bags  in  cantle  roll. 

To  place  the  filled  bags  on  the  saddled  horse,  first  buckle  a  belt 
and  stay  strap  to  the  billet  depending  downward  and  forward  from 
each  bag  and  couple  the  bags  together,  the  lacing  grommets  of  each 
bag  to  the  rear,  by  engaging  the  hook  at  the  extremity  of  each  sus- 
pender into  the  little  D  ring  on  the  upper  portion  of  the  opposite 
bag,  then  adjust  suspenders  to  minimum  length.  Having  first  placed 
the  shelter-tent  roll  and  lariat  across  the  bars  just  in  rear  of  the 
cantle,  then  place  over  them  the  suspenders  of  the  bags  and  pull  the 
ends  of  the  shelter-tent  roll  through  the  suspenders  on  each  side  so 
that  these  ends  will  rest  on  top  of  the  bags.  Fasten  the  pack  by  the 
center  oi"  cantle-roll  coat  strap  liglitly,  and  then  step  behind  the 
horse  and  verify  the  balance  of  the  pack,  adjusting  as  necesfsary; 
then  tightW  grasp  and  bind  tlie  cantle  roll,  lariat,  and  suspenders 
with  all  coat  straps,  so  that  the  pack  entire  rides  snugly  and  well  up 
above  the  back.  Finally,  engage  tlie  sua]:)  hooks  of  the  belt  and  stay 
straps  iuto  the  small  D  rings  on  the  saber  carrier  and  (he  rifle-<"arriei- 
boot,  first  liaving  made  a  ti'ial  adjustment  of  each,  so  that  Avhen 
engaged  the  bags  Avill  ride  snugly  in  the  correct  ])osition.  When 
the  ration  bags  are  not  needed,  roll  them  inside  the  cjuitle  roll  or 
l)lac('  thciu  with  the  roll  in  the  wagon,  as  the  circumstances  may 
permit. 


28 

To  use  the  ration  bags  dismounted,  place  them  side  by  side  on  the 
ground  or  on  some  convenient  support,  one  set  of  Uicing  grommets 
superposed  upon  the  other,  and  draw  the  lacing  web  snugly  through 
these  grommets.  It  will  be  retained  there  by  friction.  Place  the 
meat  can,  with  knife,  fork,  and  spoon,  inside  in  the  pocket  for  that 
purpose,  lace  the  pocket  together  with  the  thong  provided,  and  se- 
cure covering  flaps.  The  two  bags  have  now  formed  a  single  knap- 
sack, Phice  tlio  knapsack  on  the  trooper's  back,  above  the  bandoleer 
in  case  that  ailicle  is  worn,  suspenders  up;  bring  the  billet  ends  of 
the  suspenders  down  in  front  of  the  shoulders,  carry  them  under  the 
respective  arms  and  shoulders  of  the  trooper,  and  engage  the  hook 
at  the  end  of  each  into  the  rectangular  loop  at  the  lower  end  of  the 
ration  bag,  either  the  loop  on  same  bag  with  suspender  or  the  loop  on 
the  other  bag,  as  found  more  convenient.  Attach  the  belt  and  stay 
straps  to  the  billet  pieces  placed  on  body  of  suspender,  if  not  already 
there,  engage  the  hooks  on  these  straps  each  into  an  eyelet  on  the 
cartridge  belt,  and  adjust  both  the  suspenders  and  the  belt  and  stay 
strap  to  the  particular  trooper's  convenience. 

To  add  the  blanket  to  the  dismounted  trooper,  form  it  into  a  con- 
venient roll  about  42  inches  long,  place  it  symmetrically  on  top  of 
knapsack,  break  down  the  ends  about  the  upper  corners  of  the  knap- 
sack, and  secure  the  roll  snugly  to  the  top  and  sides  of  the  knapsack 
by  the  thongs  provided  for  this  purpose.  When  the  blanket  roll  is 
inclosed  in  the  shelter  half  the  ropes  of  the  latter  can  be  used  to 
secure  the  free  ends  of  the  roll  to  the  sides  of  the  knapsack. 

The  Service  Pommel  Pockets. 

(Plate  VIT.) 

The  pommel  pockets  are  made  of  bag  leather,  5  to  6  ounces  per 
square  foot  in  weight,  the  near  and  olf  pockets  being  stitched  onto  a 
base  of  medium  harness  leather,  so  shaped  as  to  fit  over  the  pommel 
of  the  saddle  and  suspend  the  pockets  therefrom  on  either  side.  This 
base  piece  is  made  in  halves,  each  half  approximately  17|^  inches  long 
and  T^  inches  wide  at  widest  part  where  pocket  is  mounted  upon  it, 
and  tapering  down  to  about  3§  inches  w^ide  where  it  passes  over  pom- 
mel. The  two  halves  are  joined  together  at  the  narrow  part,  the 
joint  being  reinforced  with  a  strip  of  medium  harness  leather  If 
inches  wide  and  3|  inches  long.  The  base  piece  above  described  forms 
the  inner  wall  of  each  pocket,  and  the  walls  or  gussets  of  the  pockets 
and  the  top  flaps,  all  of  bag  leather,  are  stitched  to  the  base  piece. 

The  pockets  are  approximately  10  inches  long,  7^  inches  wide,  and 
3^  inches  thick,  the  bottom  ends  being  semicircular  in  shape. 

They  are  attached  to  the  saddle  by  engaging  the  high  foot  staples 
on  the  pommel  through  the  slots  in  the  base  piece  of  the  pockets  and 


29 

fiustening  them  in  that  position,  either  by  the  billets  on  the  base  piece 
or  by  passing  the  double  buckle  coat  straps  through  them,  as  will  be 
explained  later,  and  then  passing  the  attaching  strap  on  each  pocket 
through  the  loop  at  forward  end  of  skirt  near  that  pocket,  buckle 
tongue  pointing  to  the  front,  drawing  snug,  and  buckling.  The  near 
pocket  contains  canteen  with  cover  and  cup,  in  main  compartment, 
wire  cutters  in  smaller  compartment.  The  off  pocket  contains  meat 
can,  knife,  fork,  and  spoon  in  canvas  bag,  grooming  outfit  above,  and 
sponge,  soap,  and  calkins,  and  extractor,  when  carried,  below  in 
main  compartment,  and  cooling  strap  in  its  proper  compartment. 
The  small  outside  compartment  opening  from  below  is  for  the  troop- 
er's personal  needs,  pipe,  tobacco,  etc. 

The  Grooming  Cloth. 

(Plate  VII.) 

While  the  condemned  saddle  blankets  furnish  the  principal  source 
of  the  grooming  cloth,  the  burlap  grain  sack  makes  an  excellent 
grooming  cloth.  This  source  will  doubtless  always  be  abundant. 
The  cloths  may  be  cut  of  any  convenient  size  for  use  in  garrison,  but 
should  be  limited  for  field  service  to  the  available  space  for  carrying 
the  cloth  in  the  pommel  pockets.  The  grooming  cloth  is  not  an 
article  of  issue. 

Knife,  Model  of  1910. 

(Plate  VIl.) 

This  is  made  of  a  blade  of  cutlery  steel  and  a  handle  of  aluminum 
cast  onto  the  blade.  The  blade  is  groimd  and  polished  and  handle 
stamped  "  U.  S."  and  "  R.  I.  A."  and  year  of  manufacture.  This 
article  is  identical  with  the  infantry  knife. 

Fork,  Model  of  1910. 

(Plate   VII.) 

The  fork  is  made  of  one  piece  of  noncorrosive  metal  stamped  to 
shape.  It  has  the  letters  "  U.  S."  and  "  R.  I.  A."  and  year  of  manu- 
facture stamped  into  it.  This  article  is  identical  with  the  infantry 
fork. 

Spoon,  Model  of  1910. 

(Plate  VII.) 

The  spoon  is  made  of  one  piece  of  noncorrosive  metal  stamped  to 
shape.  It  has  the  letters  "  U.  S."  and  "  R.  I.  A."  and  year  of  manu- 
facture stamped  into  it.  This  article  is  identical  with  the  infantry 
spoon. 


30 
Meat  Can,  Model  of  1910. 

(Plate  VII.) 

This  article  is  idontieal  Avith  (he  Iiifnnrrv  meat  can  and  is  made 
of  an  aluminum  body  and  cover,  both  of  which  are  formed  in  dies 
and  have  the  rim  rolled  o\"er  for  stitl'ness.  IJiveted  to  the  body  is 
(he  hinge  and  handle,  and  to  the  cover  is  riveted  the  loop.  When  the 
meat  can  is  assembled  the  handle  folds  over  the  cover  and  the  hooked 
end  of  it  engages  the  rim  of  the  body,  holding  the  cover  firmly  in 
place. 

The  Canteen  Cover,  Model  of  1910. 

(Plate  VII.) 

The  aluminum  canteen,  model  of  1010,  consists  of  the  following 
parts : 

One  body,  aluminmn;  one  collar,  noncorrosive  metal;  one  shackle, 
noncorrosive  metal;  one  cap  chain,  German  silver;  one  cap  rivet, 
(lerman  silver;  one  cap,  aluminum;  one  gasket.  The  body  of  the 
canteen  is  of  pure  sheet  aluminum,  which  is  formed  into  the  shape  of 
a  bottle,  having  one  concave  side  and  a  capacity  of  approximately 
2  pints.  The  collar  is  assembled  to  the  canteen  neck,  and  the  cap 
is  attached  to  the  canteen  collar  b}^  means  of  the  chain,  shackle,  and 
sliding  ring.  The  shackle  is  so  designed  that,  should  the  chain 
break,  the  shackle  can  be  opened,  the  detached  links  threaded  to 
that  portion  of  the  chain  remaining  attached  to  the  cap,  and  the 
entire  chain  connected  to  the  sliding  ring  by  means  of  the  shackle. 
Shackles  are  issued  separately  for  purposes  of  repair  when  desired, 
as  are  also  caps  and  chains. 

The  Cup,  Model  of  1910. 

The  cup,  model  of  1910,  consists  of  the  following  parts: 
One  body,  aluminmn;  one  handle,  noncorrosive  metal;  one  sliding 
lock,  noncorrosive  metal;  one  hinge,  noncorrosive  metal;  one  hinge 
pin.  The  cup  is  drawn  seandess  from  sheet  metal,  the  upper  edge  of 
the  cup  being  stiffened  by  a  bead  formed  on  the  body.  The  cup  is 
so  shaped  as  to  fit  over  the  bottom  end  of  the  canteen,  and  the  handle 
is  so  formed  that  when  it  is  not  in  use  it  fits  snugly  around  the  cup. 
The  handle  contains  a  slot  into  which  the  fork  may  be  fitted  Avhen 
it  is  desired  to  lengthen  the  handle.  Both  the  canteen  and  cup  are 
identical  with  those  of  the  Infantry  equipment. 


31 
The  Canteen,  Model  of  1910. 

(Plate  VII.) 

This  coA'er  is  made  of  olive-drab  cotton  duck  No,  9,  fiber  dyed,  and 
is  lined  with  a  blue-gray  felt.  The  cover  has  two  flaps  which  pass 
over  the  top  of  the  canteen  on  either  side  of  the  neck  and  are  pro- 
vided with  snap  fasteners.  These  fasteners,  like  all  of  this  type  used 
on  service  equipment,  are  so  designed  that  they  will  open  easily  if 
pulled  in  a  direction  of  the  longitudinal  axis  of  the  fastener  (which 
is  oval  in  shape),  but  will  not  open  if  pulled  in  any  other  direction, 
thus  avoiding  trouble  from  opening  by  brushing  against  objects, 
clothing,  or  other  men. 

On  the  back  of  the  cover  is  a  web  strap  which  carries  a  double-end 
wire  hook,  by  means  of  which  the  canteen  is  suspended  from  the 
belt  when  used  by  dismounted  trooper. 

Currycomb,  Model  of  1913. 

(Plate  VII.) 

This  article  ditfers  from  those  of  pi-evious  issue  mainly  in  l>eing 
metal  throughout,  except  the  strap,  which  is  of  olive-drab  cotton 
Avebbing. 

Horse  Brush. 

(Plate  VII.) 

The  horse  brush  has  an  oval  back  piece  of  russet  collar  leather  4,67 
by  7.25  inches  and  a  hand  stra})  of  the  same  material.  This  brush  is 
about  ^  the  size  of  that  formerly  issued. 

Wire  Cutters,  Model  of  1910. 

(Plate  VII.) 

These  cutters,  shown  in  Plate  VTT,  are  forged  from  a  good  grade 
of  tool  steel.  They  are  8|  inches  long  over  all  and  have  a  leverage 
at  the  cutting  edges  approximately  ten  times  the  power  applied  at 
handle. 

The  handles  are  insulated  with  hard  rubber  so  as  to  withstand  a 
voltage  of  .5.000  volts.  The  extreme  ends  of  the  handles  are  ]irovided 
with  soft-rubber  tips,  because  the  hard  rubber  is  very  brittle  and 
wotdd  break  if  the  cutters  were  dropped  on  hard  ground. 

These  articles  are  to  bc>  issued  to  each  officei-  below  the  grade  of 
major  and  to  each  enlisted  man.  They  are  carried  in  their  special 
compartment  in  the  near-ponnnel  pocket, 


32 
Individual  Soap  Box. 

(Plate  VII.) 

This  box  is  made  of  tin,  couUhI  with  yellow  enamel,  is  f  inch  deep, 
including  lid,  with  2\^  inches  diameter,  both  ontside  measurements. 
The  top  edge  of  the  box  is  rolled  inward  to  form  a  smooth,  round 
rim.     The  box  will  hold  2  ounces  of  saddle  soap. 

This  article  is  for  the  purpose  of  supplying  each  man  an  individual 
allowance  of  soap  for  cleaning  his  equipments.  It  is  carried  on  the 
march  in  his  off  pouunel  pocket.  When  its  contents  are  exhausted  it 
should  be  refilled  from  stores  in  bulk,  and  uot  thrown  away  as  useless. 

The  4-inch  Sponge. 

(Plate  VII.) 

This  is  provided  for  the  individual  use  of  the  trooper  and  should 
not  be  cut.  If  cut  it  would  soon  fray  out  and  be  used  up.  It  is  car- 
ried in  the  off  pommel  pocket.  • 

The  Care  of  the  Equipment. 

This  general  subject  is  entitled  to  a  greater  degree  of  considera- 
tion than  it  has  usually  received  in  times  past.  It  should  be  made  a 
matter  of  instruction  as  well  as  one  of  administration.  The  general 
[)rinciples  upon  which  the  proper  care  of  leather  is  based,  as  well  as 
the  proper  method  of  treatment,  should  be  taught  to  noncommis- 
sioned officers  in  their  regular  school  as  are  the  subjects  of  Guard 
Duty.  Drill  Regulations,  etc.  The  cleaning  and  oiling  of  the  equip- 
ment should,  Avhenever  practicable,  be  superintended  by  a  com- 
missoned  officer  as  is  stable  duty.  Leather  properly  cared  for  re- 
mains soft  and  pliable  until  absolutely  worn  out,  probably  many 
years;  if  uncared  for  or  improperly  cared  for  it  soon  dries  out,  be- 
comes brittle,  and  its  fibers  are  then  easily  broken  and  the  equipment 
rendered  useless.  Under  such  conditions  it  lasts  only  a  compara- 
tively short  time,  a  few  years  at  the  most,  and  even  during  that 
period  is  stiff,  difficult  of  adjustment,  and  generally  unsatisfactory. 

It  is  a  very  simple  matter  in  principle  to  properly  care  for  leather 
equipment — in  practice,  considerable  skill  is  required.  Two  agents 
only  are  needed  to  keep  the  equipment  in  first-class  condition — soap 
and  oil.  The  soap  for  the  purpose  of  removing  all  dirt  and  the 
other  matter  that  w^ould  serve  as  an  obstacle  to  the  penetration  of 
the  oil,  the  latter  for  softening  and  preserving  the  leather.  Two 
varieties  of  soap  are  ordinarily  used — Castile  and  harness  soap. 
Castile  soap  is  a  powerful  cleanser,  frequently  containing  an  excess 


33 

of  free  alkali  that  renders  it  an  active  agent  in  removing  dirt,  but  it 
]i:is  no  tendency  of  itself  to  soften  and  preserve  the  leather,  as  does 
good  harness  soap,  which  has  no  free  alkali,  but,  on  the  otlier  hand, 
frequently  has  a  greater  or  less  percentage  of  unconibined  fatty  sub- 
stance available  for  softening  and  preserving  purposes.  Other  agents 
are  not  only  wholly  unnecessary  but  frequently  absohitoly  injurious 
and  should  nc\or  be  made  use  of. 

When  new  equipment  is  received  it  should,  before  use,  be  given  a. 
light  application  of  oil.  The  necessity  for  this  step  is  occasioned  by 
the  fact  that  leather  frequently  remains  a  considerable  period  of 
time  in  store  in  the  arsenal,  constantly,  drying  out  and  parting  with 
its  oil.  Upon  issue  this  oil  should  be  replaced.  As  new  equipment 
is  alread}'  clean,  no  application  of  soap  is  necessary  in  this  instance. 
All  that  is  needed  is  that  the  leather  be  slightly  moistened,  and  that 
the  oil  be  lightly  and  quickly  applied.  As  far  as  practicable  the  oil 
should  l)e  applied  on  the  flesh  side,  as  it  penetrates  much  more 
readily  from  this  side  than  from  the  gi'ain  side.  It  should  be  ap- 
plied by  a  rag  or  cotton  waste,  moistened  in  it  to  prevent  an  undue 
amount  being  used.  A  larger  amount  would  do  the  leather  no  in- 
jury, but  any  amount  above  what  the  leather  would  readily  absorb 
and  retain  would  not  only  be  wasted,  but  would  continually  ooze 
out  under  the  action  of  the  heat  of  the  sun  and  soil  the  clothing. 
In  order  that  no  more  oil  than  is  really  necessary  be  applied,  it  should 
be  measured  out  in  the  l)eginning,  and  should  rarely  exceed  the  soap 
box  cover  full,  about  1  ounce,  for  a  trooper's  entire  equij^ment.  It 
should  be  lightly  applied  for  a  similar  reason.  If  much  force  is 
used,  the  portions  first  receiving  the  application  get  too  much  oil.  If 
not  applied  quickly,  the  same  holds  true — portions  where  the  rag  is 
allowed  to  rest  too  long  take  up  too  much.  A  light,  evenly  dis- 
tributed application  should  be  the  aim.  Neafs-foot  oil  is  furnished 
by  the  Ordnance  Department  for  this -purpose,  and  no  other  oils 
should  l)e  used.  After  the  equipment  has  been  thus  oiled  it  should, 
if  possible,  be  permitted  to  remain  in  a  Avarm,  dry  place  for  24  hours, 
if  practicable,  and  then  be  rubbed  thoroughly  with  a  coarse,  dry  cloth 
to  remove  any  unabsorbed  oil. 

The  equipment  is  now  i-eady  for  use,  and  will  be  found  much  im- 
proved in  pliability  by  this  initial  treatment,  but  a  single  treatment 
is  insufficient  to  attain  the  desired  end.  As  time  goes  on,  if  proper 
care  and  treatment  is  given,  the  equipment  will  continue  to  improve 
both  in.  flexibility  and  appearance  until  it  is  a  delight  to  eye  and 
fingers. 

Daily,  or  as  often  as  used,  the  equipment  should  be  wiped  off  with 
a  cloth  slightly  dampened  in  water,  merely  to  remove  mud,  dust,  or 
other  foreign  substance,  and  the  bits  and  other  metal  portions  wiped 
58159°— IS 3 


34 

off  with  a  rag  slightly  moistened  with  oil  to  prevent  rust.  This 
takes  but  a  few  minutes  after  each  daily  use,  and  maintains  the 
appearance  of  the  equipment.  It  is,  however,  insufficient  of  itself  to 
properly  preserve  it. 

At  intervals  of  from  one  to  four  weeks,  depending  upon  circum- 
stances, it  is  essential  that  the  equipment  be  thoroughly  cleaned.  To 
do  this  properly  every  detachable  piece  should  be  separated — all 
billets  unbuckled  and  the  entire  equipment  reduced  to  its  simplest 
elements.  The  trooper  should  then  form  a  thick  lather  by  moistening 
his  sponge  in  clean  water,  squeezing  it  out  and  working  it  vigorously 
upon  the  Castile  soap.  "When  a  thick,  creamy  lather  is  thus  ob- 
tained he  should  thoroughly  clean  each  piece  of  his  leather  equip- 
ment, working  the  sponge  upon  every  portion,  and  drawing  each 
strap  its  entire  length  through  the  lathered  sponge,  so  as  to  actually 
remove  the  salt,  sweat,  dirt,  or  whatever  may  be,  from  each  leather 
piece.  After  the  leather  parts  are  thus  made  approximately  clean 
by  the  use  of  the  Castile  soap  he  should  go  over  them  again  similarly 
with  the  harness  soap  in  order  to  obtain  a  fine  surface  dressing  and 
finish,  the  former  being  better  adapted  to  cleansing,  the  latter  to 
softening  and  preserving  the  leather.  After  the  leather  has  been 
allowed  to  become  partially  dry,  but  not  to  harden,  it  should  be 
rubbed  thoroughly  wdth  a  soft  cloth.  If  the  foregoing  has  been 
carefully  executed,  the  appearance  of  the  equipment  should  now  be 
perfect,  and  if  the  leather  is  thoroughly  soft  and  pliable  nothing 
further  is  required.  In  general,  however,  it  will  be  found  desirable  to 
apply  a  small  amount  of  oil.  This  is  done  precisely  as  in  the  case 
of  the  new  equipment,  care  being  taken  to  avoid  an  excess,  and  thor- 
oughly rub  w^ith  a  dry  cloth  before  use. 

All  metal  parts,  except  bits  and  spurs,  need  ordinarily  only  to 
be  wiped  clean  with  a  cloth  slightly  moistened  in  oil ;  they  are  pur- 
posely issued  dark,  and  it  is  dasired  they  be  retained  in  that  con- 
dition. The  use  of  warm  water  on  the  bits,  stirrups,  or  similar  por- 
tions to  remove  hardened  saliva,  sweat,  mud,  etc.,  is  frequently  ad- 
vantageous. The  bit,  chain,  and  spurs  may  also  be  polished,  but  all 
dark  metal  should  be  cleaned  and  oiled  only  and  should  never  be 
attacked  with  eroding  agents. 

The  Feed  Bag  and  Grain  Bag. 

(Plate  Till.) 

The  feed  bag  is  a  canvas  cylinder,  open  at  one  end,  suspended 
from  the  horse's  neck  when  in  use  in  a  horizontal  position,  thus 
spreading  the  grain  over  a  considerable  area.  There  are  two  web 
suspending  straps,  one  over  the  head  and  one  near  the  withers  on 
the  neck.    The  body  of  the  bag  is  of  olive-drab  duck  No.  9,  approxi- 


35 

mately  22^  inches  long.  The  supporting  straps  arc  of  heavy  1-inch 
olive-drab  cotton  webbing,  and  are  fitted  with  bronzed  snaps  and 
adjustable  buckles. 

The  grain  bag  is  of  unbleached  drilling  formed  into  a  long  cyl- 
inder, 30^  by  8  inches,  open  at  one  end.  There  are  two  soft  cotton 
binding  cords  sewed  to  the  outside  of  the  bag,  one  at  the  open  end 
and  one  at  the  center,  the  first  to  close  the  bag  when  full  and  the 
second  to  equalize  the  loaded  bag  into  two  parts  for  slinging  across 
the  pommel  of  the  saddle. 

The  grain  bag  is  used  to  avoid  spilling  grain  while  carrying  it  on 
the  march.  (The  capacity  of  the  bag  is  10  pounds.)  Place  the 
amount  of  grain  desired  to  be  carried  within  the  bag,  tie  the  choke 
securely,  divide  the  grain  into  two  approximately  equal  portions  by 
the  string  in  the  middle,  place  the  bag  inside  the  feed  bag,  press  the 
grain  bag  well  over  toward  the  side  of  the  feed  bag  opposite  the 
webbing  straps,  fold  the  elliptical  end  piece  of  the  feed  bag  in  over 
the  end  of  the  grain  bag,  turn  the  extra  canvas  on  the  side  of  the 
webbing  straps  over  upon  the  opposite  side  and  secure  it,  first  by  the 
thong  attached  midway  of  the  feed  bag  and  then  by  the  webbing 
straps  of  the  latter,  taking  a  half  hitch,  with  each  around  its  own 
end  of  the  roll  thus  formed,  then  turning  the  roll  over  and  bringing 
the  free  ends  of  these  web  straps  out  from  the  under  side  of  their 
respective  ends  of  the  roll,  then  up  over  these  ends,  under  the  half 
hitches,  and  snapping  the  hooks  thereon  into  each  other.  Place  the 
grain  roll  thus  formed  upon  the  pommel,  hooks  upon  upper  surface, 
and  secure  by  the  two  double-buckle  straps  furnished  for  that  pur- 
pose, the  grain  roll  being  attached  by  the  buckle  at  the  extremity,  the 
rain  coat  being  attached  innnediately  in  front  of  tlie  grain  roll  by  the 
second  buckle.  To  feed,  take  the  grain  roll  off  the  pommel  and  re- 
move grain  bag  from  interior  of  feed  bag.  Untie  grain  bag  and 
empty  such  portion  of  grain  as  is  desired  to  feed  therefrom  into 
feed  bag.  Place  grain  bag  in  any  desired  position  of  safety  while 
horse  is  feeding.  Place  the  feed  bag  on  the  horse  so  that  the  open- 
ing will  be  innnediately  under  his  nose  and  the  body  of  the  bag 
under  his  neck.  Snap  the  hooks  into  the  corresponding  D  rings 
to  support  bag  in  this  position.  Adjust  by  making  the  steadying 
strap  aci'oss  the  front  of  the  horse's  nose  just  sufficiently  taut  to  allow 
the  horse  to  feed  easily,  with  a  portion  of  his  nostrils  always  above 
the  opening.  It  is  important  that  this  adjustment  be  carefully  made, 
as  in  the  event  of  the  horse  not  feeding  w^ell  from  the  bag  it  will  in 
most  cases  be  due  to  the  lack  of  adjustment  of  this  strap.  Adjust 
the  remaining  two  straps  by  shortening  them  to  a  convenient  height. 
The  rear  one  should  be  drawn  up  well  back  on  the  neck  about  as 
high  as  comfort  will  permit.     Once  adjusted  to  any  given  horse  no 


36 

further  adjustment  will  be  needed  until  used  on  a  horse  of  mate- 
rially different  dimensions. 

By  use  of  a  second  grain  bag,  or  by  carrying  grain  in  the  feed 
bag  without  a  grain  bag  and  using  the  regular  grain  bag  for  this 
purpose,  an  additional  10  pounds  of  grain  can,  in  emergencies,  be 
carried  in  the  cantle  roll. 

In  camp  or  on  the  march  grain  is  fed  morning,  noon,  and  evening. 
The  men  are  to  remain  near  their  horses  until  they  have  finished 
eating. 

Packing  the  Saddle. 

(Plate  XI.) 

This  should  be  done,  whenever  practicable,  after  the  horse  is  sad- 
dled. When  impracticable  to  pack  after  saddling,  pack  the  saddle 
beforehand,  and  have  each  packed  saddle  placed  accurately  upon  the 
horse  by  two  troopers,  one  on  either  side  of  the  animal.  It  is  a  vir- 
tual impossibility  for  the  ordinary  trooper,  unaided,  to  properly 
place  his  packed  saddle  upon  his  horse.  His  attempts  to  do  so  result 
usually  in  placing  the  saddle  inaccurately  upon  the  back  and  either 
riding  all  day  with  it  in  such  undesirable  position  or,  making  mat- 
ters worse,  by  shoving  it  into  the  proper  position  after  it  has  been 
placed,  thus  insuring  folds  and  wrinkles  in  the  layers  of  blanket  or 
pad  below,  all  of  which  evils  can  be  readily  avoided  by  carrying 
out  the  simple  directions  above. 

To  Form  the  Cantle  Roll. — Lay  the  shelter  tent  on  the  ground  and 
turn  in  triangle  to  lie  flat.  Turn  under  from  6  inches  to  8  inches 
from  end  opposite  the  triangle.  Spread  the  articles  to  be  carried, 
viz,  six  tent  pins,  necessary  underclothing  and  toilet  articles,  uni- 
formly along  the  triangle  edge  over  a  range  not  exceeding  28  inches 
in  length,  leaving  a  vacant  space  of  about  4  inches  in  the  middle 
part  to  enable  the  roll  to  break  nicely  when  completed.  Turn  over 
the  two  sides  of  the  tent  till  they  nearly  meet  in  the  center.  Roll 
snugly  from  the  triangle  seam  toward  the  other  end.  On  reaching 
the  other  end,  bend  the  roll  and  bring  the  underfolcl  neatly  over  the 
roll  to  bind  and  secure  it  in  a  snug,  compact  form.  This  gives  a  roll 
about  30  inches  long.  The  roll,  when  the  ration  bags  are  packed, 
should  rest  its  ends  on  top  of  the  bags,  holding  them  snug. 

If  the  bed  blanket  is  to  be  carried  on  the  horse,  fold  it  neatly  to 
six  layers,  each  the  size  of  the  folded  saddle  blanket,  and  place  it 
accurately  upon  the  latter. 

Place  the  pommel  pockets,  with  their  prescribed  contents,  upon 
the  saddle  as  indicated  under  their  description  and  pass  the  tapered 
end  of  a  double-buckle  coat  strap  through  one  staple,  above  the 
pommel-pocket  oval,  from  front  to  rear,  flesh  side  up.     Place  the 


37 

grain  roll,  formed  as  indicated  under  description  of  that  article, 
s^^mmetrically  upon  the  pommel,  passing  one  of  its  center  thongg 
under  the  base  piece  connecting  the  two  pockets  and  tying  both 
center  thongs  by  a  slipknot.  Pass  the  second  double-buckle  coat 
strap  correctly  through  its  staples  and  then  snugly  secure  the  grain 
roll  in  position  by  the  buckle  on  the  main  part  of  each  double-buckle 
coat  strap.     (See  Plates  XI  and  XII.) 

Place  the  raincoat  or  the  overcoat,  as  the  case  may  be,  properly 
folded,  just  in  front  of  the  pommel  pockets,  and  secure  it  in  that 
position,  first,  b}'  the  additional  buckles  on  the  double-buckle  coat 
straps,  taking  care  to  keep  these  straps  toward  the  center  so  that 
the  raincoat  when  placed  will  readily  break  down  in  front  of  the 
pommel  pockets,  and,  second,  by  the  attaching  straps  of  the  pommel 
pockets,  the  billet  of  each  of  which  passes  from  the  loops  on  under- 
side of  pocket  around  in  front  of  the  lower  part  of  the  raincoat  on 
its  respective  side,  then  between  the  webbing  strap  and  the  feed  bag 
at  its  respective  end  of  the  grain  roll,  and  by  then  buckling  into  its 
own  buckle  secures  pommel  pockets  and  all  snugly  to  the  loop  on 
front  edge  of  saddle  skirt.     (See  Plate  XI.) 

Place  the  rifle  carrier  boot,  saber  carrier,  intrenching  tool  carrier 
with  its  prescribed  contents,  and  carrier  strap  as  indicated,  and 
attach  the  saber  and  picket  pin  in  its  case,  all  as  indicated  under  the 
respective  descriptions  of  these  several  articles. 

Place  the  ration  bags,  if  carried,  as  stated  under  their  description. 

Form  the  lariat  into  a  snug  roll  about  14  or  15  inches  long,  place 
this  roll  upon  the  upper  surface  of  the  cantle  roll,  middle  point  of 
lariat  roll  over  middle  point  of  cantle  roll,  and  secure  the  combina- 
tion thus  formed  to  the  cantle  by  the  three  coat  straps  pertaining 
thereto,  the  cantle  roll  to  be  synnnetrically  disposed  as  regards  the 
median  plane  of  the  animal,  the  coat  straps  to  include  in  their  grasp 
the  suspender  straps  of  the  ration  bags,  if  the  latter  are  carried,  so 
that  all  will  form  a  compact  cargo,  well  raised  above  the  back  of  the 
horse  and  side  bars  of  the  saddle. 

In  order  to  reduce  the  burden  upon  the  horse,  in  a  measure,  when- 
ever practicable,  the  bed  blanket  and  the  cantle  roll  should  be  carried 
in  wagons. 

Cartridge  Belt,  Caliber  .30;  Cavalry. 

(Plate  IX.) 

This  belt  is  Avoven  of  olive-drab  cotton  duck,  fiber  dyed.  The  belt 
is  4  feet  4  inches  long,  extreme  length.  The  middle  section  has  nine 
interwoven  pockets,  each  pocket  to  hold  two  clips  of  five  United 
Stales  rifle  cali})er  .30  cartridges,  belt  between  pockets  and  in  end 
sections  to  be  woven  oue  ply.    The  upper  portion  of  I  lie  belt  is  woven 


38 

two  ply  to  form  slit  housing  for  the  pocket  flaps ;  these  flaps  fasten 
down  over  the  pocket  by  means  of  a  snap  fastener,  which  bears  the 
United  States  coat  of  arms.  Each  pocket  has  an  interior  retaining 
strap  three-fourths  inch  wide,  which  also  snaps  down  in  place. 

At  the  ends  are  end  fasteners  riveted  to  the  belt.  These  have  two 
fehort  metal  hooks  pointing  toward  each  other,  which  lock  into  the 
eyelets  in  the  body  of  the  belt  so  as  to  give  an  adjustable-length  belt. 
The  end  sections,  being  turned  back  and  fastened  by  the  end  fasten- 
ers to  give  the  desired  length  of  belt,  carry  the  belt  fastener — a 
male  on  the  right  and  female  on  the  left  side — which  form  a  quickly 
manipulated  connecting  buckle.  There  is  room  on  the  left  end  sec- 
tion to  carry  a  double  web  magazine  pocket  for  pistol  ammunition. 
To  the  belt  on  the  left  side  is  riveted  a  leather  tool  frog. 

The  hcJt  ring  is  a  large  ring,  3^  inches  inside  diameter,  supported 
on  two  standards,  which  are  hinged  to  the  base  so  that  the  ring 
may  be  held  out  in  a  horizontal  plane  when  in  use,  or  when  not  in 
use  may  be  hung  down  close  to  the  trooj)er's  body.  The  ring  and 
standards  are  supported  when  horizontal  by  a  supj)orting  brace, 
which  assumes  approximately  an  angle  of  45°,  and  is  locked  in  posi- 
tion by  a  double-spring  latch  on  the  standards.  The  ring  is  raised 
to  a  horizontal  position  by  the  hand,  and  when  it  reaches  this  position 
the  supporting  brace  snaps  over  the  latch  without  further  assistance. 
When  it  is  desired  to  collapse  the  ring,  the  two  halves  of  this  spring 
latch  are  squeezed  together  by  the  fingers,  aided  by  two  lugs  on  the 
latch  for  this  purpose,  thus  withdrawing  the  latch  halves  and  freeing 
the  supporting  brace. 

The  ring  is  faced  inside  with  leather.  The  base  supports  the  ring 
standards  and  supporting  brace  and  is  riveted  to  the  belt. 

Suspended  from  the  base  of  the  ring  is  a  strap  which  carries  at  its 
lower  end  a  metal  snap  hook  which  engages  in  the  trigger  guard  of 
the  rifle. 

This  belt  carries  90  rounds  of  rifle  ammunition  and  2  pistol  mag- 
azines. It  should  be  adjusted  to  trooper  so  that  the  belt  ring  is 
slightly  in  rear  of  left  hip,  when  belt  fasteners  are  on  median  line  of 
body.  Adjustment  is  provided  at  either  end  of  the  belt,  in  order  to 
accomplish  this  purpose.  When  worn  on  dismounted  duty,  the  belt 
ring  should  be  collapsed. 

The  Cavah-y  Bandoleer, 

(Plate    IX.) 

This  article  is  of  olive-drab  duck,  woven  in  a  similar  mann.er  to 
the  cartridge  belt.  There  are  12  woven-  pockets,  each  to  contain  a 
clip  of  5  rifle  cartridges,  caliber  .30,  and  in  the  middle  of  the  belt  are 


39 

three  woven  pockets  for  pistol  ammunition.  The  bandoleer  carrier, 
therefore,  the  excess  of  60  rounds  of  rifle  and  21  rounds  of  pistol 
ammunition  over  the  cartridge  belt  which  is  required  b}^  Tables  of 
Organization,  1914.  Place  the  bandoleer  on  the  trooper  so  that  the 
pistol  annnunition  pockets  are  under  the  right  arm,  buckle  over  the 
left  shoukler,  billet  falling  behind. 

Pistol  Holster. 

(Plate   IV.) 

This  holster  is  similar  to  the  revolver  holster  previously  issued; 
it  carries  the  pistol  with  butt  to  the  rear,  a  block  of  leather  on  the 
inner  side  of  the  holster  holding  the  butt  of  the  pistol  out  so  that  t^ie 
butt  may  be  grasped  easily. 

Attach  to  belt  by  fastening  its  double  end  hook  into  the  eyelets 
in  the  belt,  or  the  slide,  as  the  case  may  be  (slightly  in  front  of 
right  hip.)  The  leg  strap  passes  around  the  thigh,  buckle  outside 
of  leg.  tongue  pointing  to  the  front.  Habitually  the  flap  should  be 
kept  fastened  down.  When  the  pistol  is  about  to  be  used,  or  there  is 
a  possibility  of  its  sudden  use,  fasten  the  flap  open  by  turning  back 
the  extremity  of  the  flap,  and  thrusting  it  down  between  the  body 
of  the  flap,  and  the  inside  portion  of  the  holster.  As  this  pistol  is 
less  simple  in  its  action  than  the  old  revolver,  greater  care  must  be 
observed  in  the  practice  of  returning  pistol  and  raising  pistol,  in 
order  to  avoid  accidents. 

Pouch  for  First-aid  Packet,  Model  of  1910. 

This  pouch  is  made  of  a  piece  of  olive-drab  cotton  webbing,  5.25 
inches  wide  by  11.3  inches  long.  About  two-thirds  of  this  length  is 
folded  and  sewed  to  form  a  pocket  and  the  remainder  is  used  as  a 
flap.  On  the  back  of  the  pocket  a  double  hoolc.  foi-  carrjnng  the 
pouch  on  the  belt,  is  attached  by  means  of  a  web  chape. 

The  Spur  and  Straps,  Model  of  1911. 

This  article  is  drop-forged  of  one  piece  of  27  per  cent  nickel  steel, 
the  strap  stud  being  riveted  in  place.  The  service  and  officers'  spurs 
are  identical  and  known  as  spur,  model  of  1911. 

The  spur  is  placed  on  the  shoe  well  up  toward  the  upper  part  of 
the  counter,  buckle  on  outside  of  foot.  Wearing  the  spur  in  the  posi- 
tion indicated  preserves  its  life,  favors  the  proper  use  of  the  spur  as 
an  aid,  as  well  as  conforming  to  the  proper  practice.  This  is  a  steel 
spur,  and  can  be  polished  without  injury.     Adjust  the  upj)er  strap 


40 

to  the  foot  by  its  buckle,  attach  the  spur  to  the  foot  and  detach  it 
therefrom  by  pullinor  the  inside  end  of  each  upper  strap  over  the 
spur  button,  instead  of  by  using  the  buckle. 

The  Enlisted  Men's  Garrison  Belt. 

(Plate  IX.) 

This  is  the  leather  waist  belt,  to  which  have  been  added  the  fol- 
lowing detachable  components:  A  belt  ring  and  strap,  a  pistol-maga- 
zine pocket  (carrying  two  magazines),  a  rifle-ammunition  pocket,  a 
pistol-holster  slide,  and  a  first-aid  packet  pouch  slide.  The  saber 
hook  has  been  omitted  from  the  belt,  as  it  is  no  longer  needed  for  the 
comparatively  small  amount  of  foot  service  the  trooper  will  do  with 
his  saber.  It  will  never  be  needed  for  mounted  duty.  Such  foot 
service  will  consist,  in  the  main,  of  carrying  it  to  and  from  the  stables 
when  going  to  mounted  duties  and  returning  therefrom.  Occasions 
will  be  rare  when  all  of  these  accessory  parts  will  be  required  at  one 
time  on  the  belt.  They  are  all  readily  removable,  and  only  those  re- 
quired to  serve  the  necessities  at  any  particular  occasion  should  be 
retained  on  the  belt.  The  belt  ring  is  collapsed  and  raised  in  a 
similar  manner  to  the  belt  ring  on  the  cartridge  belt.  The  attach- 
ments are  arranged  on  the  belt  (belt  outstretched,  buckle  to  left) 
from  right  to  left,  as  follows:  Pistol-magazine  pocket,  pistol-holster 
slide,  first-aid  pouch  slide,  belt  ring,  and  rifle-ammunition  pocket. 

To  put  the  belt  ring  on  the  slide,  raise  the  metal  frame  which 
supports  the  ring  from  the  leather  pad.  Place  the  belt  in  the  angle 
thus  formed,  resting  on  the  clutch  wire  on  the  leather  pad.  Close 
frame  down  on  pad.  Then  pass  buckle  end  of  small  strap  over  the 
hinge  bar,  and  buckle  into  the  billet. 

Bolo  and  Scabbard. 

The  bolo,  model  of  1910,  has  a  10;|-inch  blade  with  a  double-edged 
point,  and  is  15  inches  long  over  all.  The  scabbard  for  this  bolo 
consists  of  a  white-pine  body  covered  with  rawhide  and  tubular 
woven  olive-drab  cotton  duck.  For  specifications  of  the  scabbard, 
see  ordnance  pamphlet  No.  1718,  "  Description  of  the  Infantry 
Equipment,  Model  of  1910." 

The  model  of  1909  bolo,  which  has  a  14-inch  pointed  blade  with  a 
straight  l)ack  and  an  over-all  length  of  19|  inches,  may  be  used  in 
lieu  of  the  above.    This  bolo  has  a  leather  scabbard. 

The  bolo  is  an  article  of  issue  to  the  Cavalry  Arm  for  members 
of  nuichine-gun  troops  only. 


41 

Pistol  Belt. 

The  pistol  belt  is  made  of  olive-drab  woven  fabric,  2J  inches  wide 
by  4:Q^  inches  finished  length,  and  is  made  adjustable  at  one  end. 
The  belt  is  provided  with  two  rows  of  eyelets,  each  §  inch  from 
the  selvage,  and  a  center  row  of  eyelets  for  adjusting  the  length 
of  the  belt.  It  is  provided  with  a  woven-web,  double-magazine 
pocket,  which  is  slidable  on  the  belt  and  Avhich  will  contain  two 
magazines  for  the  automatic  pistol,  caliber  .45,  model  of  1911.  For 
specifications  of  this  belt,  see  ordnance  pamphlet  Xo.  1718,  "  Descrip- 
tion of  the  Infantry  Equipment,  Model  of  1910." 

The  Record  Case,  N.  C.  O. 

This  article  is  intended  only  for  noncommissioned  staff  officers  and 
first  sergeants.  It  carries  the  few  forms  and  records  necessary  to 
have  always  at  hand,  thus  enabling  them  to  keep  their  essential  rec- 
ords up  while  absent  from  wagon  transportation.  It  is  worn  under 
the  left  arm,  strap  over  the  right  shoulder. 

This  case  ig  made  of  a  light-weight  collar  leather.  The  back  or 
base  piece  is  cut  approximately  8  inches  wide  by  20  inches  long.  To 
this  are  stitched  two  pockets  superimposed  upon  each  other,  with  side 
gussets;  the  back  piece  folds  over  in  a  flap  to  cover  both  pockets. 
The  pockets  are  approximately  7f  inches  wide  by  10^  inches  long 
inside  and  the  outer  pocket  has  small  leather  compartments  for  ink 
bottle,  pens,  and  pencils.  A  shoulder  strap  is  attached  to  the  base 
piece  by  two  snap  hooks  and  D  rings  sewed  to  base  piece. 

The  Picket-Pin  Carrier,  Special. 

(Plate  VI.) 

The  body  of  this  article  is  of  9^  to  10^  ounce  bridle  leather  cut 
34  inche3  long.  The  upper  end  is  cut  to  form  a  1-inch  strap  llf 
inches  long.  From  this  point  downward  the  body  widens  gradually 
to  a  width  of  2f  inches  and  narrows  down  again  to  a  1-inch  width  at 
lower  end,  where  a  1-inch  strap  lOf  inches  long  of  same  leather  is 
riveted  and  stitched,  thus  making  the  total  assembled  length  of  body, 
including  attaching  strap  and  the  depending  billet,  42^  inches  long. 
The  attaching  strap,  formed  on  the  upper  end  of  the  body,  is  pro- 
vided with  a  1-inch  barrel  roller  buckle  stitched  on  with  chape  and 
located  where  the  body  attaching  3trap  begins  to  widen  out  to  form 
the  body  proper.  Tlie  attaching  strap  after  passing  up  through  the 
near  cantle  loop  on  the  saddle  returns  to  this  buckle.  On  the  wider 
portion  of  the  body  is  fastened  a  conical  tube  of  7  to  8  ounce  leather 
13|  inches  long  for  the  picket  pin.  Tliis  is  fastened  on  by  rivets 
and  two  leather  loops,  and  a  billet  f  inch  wide  and  5^-  inches  long  is 
stitched  to  the  upper  open  end  to  retain  the  pin  in  the  pocket. 


42 

Eiveted  to  the  back  of  the  body  is  the  horseshoe  pocket.  This 
article  is  made  up  of  a  front  and  back  of  G  to  7  ounce  collar  leather 
stitched  together  around  the  edges  to  fown  a  pocket  approximately 
G^  inches  wide  by  TJ  inches  long  with  a  flap  formed  by  folding  2^ 
inches  of  the  back  over  the  front,  the  flap  being  fastened  down  with 
two  metal  staples  and  a  billet  of  leather.  There  is  a  nail  pocket  3^ 
by  2^  inches  of  3  J-ounce  collar  leather  carried  in  the  horseshoe  pocket 
and  attached  to  it  by  a  calfskin  thong  12  inches  long. 

Where  the  depending  billot  fastens  onto  the  lower  end  of  the  body 
a  metal  loop  is  fastened  on  for  securing  the  ration  bags  on  the  near 
side.  The  lower  end  of  the  depending  billet  has  holes  punched  for 
securing  to  carrier  strap. 

This  article  of  equipment  carries  the  picket  pin,  the  horseshoe,  and 
nails  for  officers  and  for  those  enlisted  men  not  armed  with  the  rifle. 
The  pin  fits  in  its  case  and  is  retained  there  by  the  strap  over  its 
head.  The  horseshoe  fits  in.  its  case,  toe  to  the  front.  The  nails  fit 
in  their  pocket,  and  the  pocket  is  placed  between  the  heels  of  the  shoe. 
To  place  the  carrier  on  the  saddled  horse  pass  the  attaching  billet 
through  the  lop  in  the  near  cantle  hinge  and  buckle  at  such  a  height 
as  will  place'  the  pin  and  shoe  in  the  most  convenient  location. 
Buckle  the  depending  billet  into  the  buckle  on  the  carrier  strap  and 
adjust  so  as  to  prevent  undue  motion  on  the  part  of  the  pin  and  shoe. 

Arm  Repair  Chest,  Model  of  1910. 

This  chest  is  made  of  a  poplar  body  and  is  well  reinforced  with 
corner  irons  and  hinge  bands.  The  exterior  dimensions  of  the  chest 
are  18.1  by  14.6  by  6.6  inches.  The  chest  contains  in  a  compact  form 
the  oils,  spare  parts,  and  tools  required  for  the  cleaning  and  repair 
of  the  rifles  and  pistols  and  in  addition  contains  a  supply  of  neats- 
foot  oil  for  preserving  leather  equipments,  including  shoes.  On  the 
inside  of  the  lid  of  each  chest  is  posted  a  list  of  its  contents.  The 
chest  is  provided  with  a  padlock.  For  a  more  detailed  description 
of  this  chest,  see  Ordnance  Pamphlet  No.  1718,  "  Description  of  the 
infantry  equipment,  model  of  1910." 

The  Troop  Pack. 

(Plate  XIV.) 

This  comprises  an  aparejo.  complete  with  all  its  accessories,  espe- 
cially set  up  for  a  troop  horse. 

The  pack  includes  the  following  articles:  One  aparejo,  one  aparejo 
cincha,  one  saddle  blanket,  one  sobrejalma,  one  corona,  two  pack 
covers,  one  crupper,  one  blinder,  one  lash  rope,  one  sling  rope,  two  lair 
ropes,  and  one  lash  cincha.    These  articles  are  similar  to  those  now 


43 

issued  for  mule  packs.    A  description  of  its  customary  cargoes,  with 
instructions  for  its  employment,  follows: 

The  Field  Picket  Line. 

This  is  a  f-inch  rope  made  in  two  sections  of  125  feet  each.  This 
picket  line  will  hold  100  horses  and  orive  each  5  feet  of  space  on  his 
own  side,  except  for  the  small  amount  of  line  used  in  tying  to  the 
end  pins.  The  links  for  attachment  to  pins  Avill  be  issued  en  the 
pins.  It  is  recommended  they  be  carried  habitually  on  the  line, 
rather  in  the  pin  and  liamnier  chest.  Dii-ections  for  coiling  line  and 
foi-iuing  into  cargo  will  follow  under  the  "employment  of  the  troop 
pack."  ' 

The  Field  Picket  Line  Pins. 

Five  of  these  constitute  a  set.  The  length  of  these  juns  is  somewhat 
less  than  is  frequently  used,  but  it  is  believed  sufficient  "to  hold  the 
line.  The  pin  Avill  drive  easier,  come  out  easier,  weigh  less,  and  j)rob- 
ably  last  longer  on  this  account.  The  pins  are  habitually  carried  in 
the  pin  and  hammer  chest. 

The  Pin  and  Hammer  Chest. 

This  carries  the  picket  pins  and  the  sledge  hammer  for  driving 
them.  Instructions  for  carrying  this  chest  follow  in  the  "  Employ- 
ment of  the  troop  pack." 

The  chest  is  of  poplar,  2  ii'^ch  thick,  reinforced  with  metal,  and  is 
21^1  inches  long  by  12f  inches  wide  and  5-}J  inches  high,  outside 
dimensions.  The  corners  are  dovetailed.  The  pins  are  supported 
and  held  in  place  by  wooden  packing.  The  lid  is  kept  closed  by  two 
metal  hasps  locked  with  leather  fids. 

The  Sledge  Hammer. 

The  sledge  hammer  of  crucible  steel  is  6  inches  long  with  a  cross 
section  of  2g  by  2^  inches,  and  is  provided  with  a  2r)-inch  hickory 
handle.  The  weight  of  the  hammer,  including  handle,  is  7  pounds, 
5  oiuices. 

The  Troop  Pannier. 

The  pannier  is  of  po])lar,  J  inch  thick,  reinforced  wnth  metal,  and 
is  19g  inches  long  by  15^  inches  wide  and  7{J  inches  high.  The 
partitions  are  ^  inch  thick,  forming  four  compartments.  There  ai'c 
also  three  metal  boxes,  two  of  which  are  of  heavy  tin  and  one  of  sheet 
steel.  The  latter  is  white  enameled  inside  and  is  to  carry  farriei-'s 
supplies  for  three  or  four  days. 


44 

To  the  outside  of  the  pannier  is  fastened  a  2-inch  oak  block  with 
necessary  screws  and  thumb  nuts  to  secure  the  saddler's  stitching 
clamp.    The  saddler  in  the  field  uses  the  pannier  as  a  stitching  horse. 

This  article  carries  such  portions  of  the  horseshoer's  outfit,  the 
saddler's  outfit,  and  the  farrier's  as  would  probably  be  needed  imme- 
diately with  the  column.  The  proper  contents,  their  distribution, 
and  the  source  from  which  derived  are  all  set  forth  in  printed  table 
on  inside  of  cover  of  pannier.  Make  but  little  variations,  if  any,  in 
the  contents  there  enumerated.  If  overloaded  with  all  kinds  of  arti- 
cles, the  balance  of  the  pack  will  be  constantly  changed  and  possibly 
the  horse  overloaded.  Instructions  for  forming  into  cargo  follow  in 
"  Employment  of  the  troop  packing." 

The  Canvas  Watering  Bucket. 

(Plate  VIII.) 

This  article  collapses  and  packs  very  nicely.  It  is  very  useful. 
Eight  are  issued  to  a  troop.  They  will  be  carried  either  in  field 
wagons  or  on  the  troop  pack  as  an  additional  top  cargo.  Grease, 
soapsuds,  and  dirt  soil  them  so  as  to  destroy  their  use  to  a  greater  or 
less  extent  as  water  buckets.  This  bucket  is  the  same  as  that  issued 
to  Field  Artillery. 

Employment  of  the  Troop  Pack. 

(Plates  XV  and  XVI.) 

This  outfit  is  primarily  intended  for  carrying  the  picket  line,  pins, 
and  sledge,  and  the  troop  pannier,  but  is  equally  well  adapted  to 
carrying  any  desired  cargo  whatsoever  that  can  be  carried  on  any 
aparejo  or  pack  rigging.  The  method  and  means  of  placing  this 
rigging  upon  the  horse  and  removing  it  therefrom,  of  placing  the 
cargo  upon  the  rigging  and  attaching  it  thereto,  and  of  caring  for 
the  rigging  and  cargo  in  general  are  accurately  set  forth  in  the  Man- 
ual for  Pack  Transportation,  1910,  prepared  by  chief  packer  of  the 
Army,  H.  W.  Daly.  All  officers  and  instructors  having  the  use  of  the 
troop-pack  outfit  under  their  charge  should  study  this  manual  and 
make  themselves  thoroughly  familiar  with  its  contents — at  least 
in  so  far  as  relates  to  the  ordinary  use  of  the  rigging  and  cargo. 

Below  are  given  the  more  important  references  of  this  manual 
bearing  on  the  case  in  question. 

In  the  ordinary  use  of  the  outfit  the  pin  and  hammer  chest,  con- 
taining 5  pins  and  1  sledge,  and  the  troop  pannier  with  its  contents, 
form  the  side  packs;  the  picket  line  carrying  the  pin  links  upon  it, 
the  top  pack. 


45 

In  case  the  troop  is  to  be  separated  from  its  wagons  for  a  day  or 
more  the  following  utensils  ma}'  be  taken  from  the  field  range  and 
formed  into  a  side  pack  to  be  slung  opposite  tliat  formed  by  the 
troop  pannier.  The  pin  and  hammer  chest  and  the  picket  line  will 
then  be  left  with  the  wagons. 

2  bake  pans. 

4  boilers,  all  in  one  nest. 

4  covers  for  the  above  boilers. 

2  lanterns,  folding. 

2  dippers. 

1  dredge,  salt. 

2  spoons,  basting. 

2  meat  forks,  small. 

2  butcher  knives. 

1  steel,  butcher's,  or  carborundum. 
Competent  cooks  can  in  an  emergency  cook  for  a  hundred  men  with 
the  above  utensils;  the  men  turning  in  for  this  purpose  the  rations 
carried  by  them  individually.  To  prepare  these  utensils  for  lairing 
up,  place  all  the  smaller  utensils  within  the  innermost  boiler  of  the 
nest — place  the  covers  on  their  respective  boilers  and  protect  the 
boilers  with  the  bake  pans,  one  placed  above  and  one  below,  inside  of 
each  toward  the  boilers. 

How^  to  Lair  Up  Side  Packs. 

See  section  15,  Manual  for  Pack  Transportation,  1910. 

How  to  Form  the  Top  Pack. 

The  top  pack  is  formed  as  follows : 

Set  two  picket-line  pins  tightly  in  the  ground  22  inches  apart  and 
coil  the  entire  line  (of  both  sections)  snugly  around  outside  these 
pins  and  guides.  When  completely  coiled  secure  the  coils  by  passing 
a  strap  around  so  as  to  engage  the  coils  near  to  each  pin  and  buckle 
these  straps  snugly.  Xext  pass  the  two  remaining  straps  about  the 
body  of  the  line,  embracing  both  sides  of  the  coil,  so  that  the  straps 
when  snugly  secured  shall  be  about  6  to  8  inches  apart.  This  shoukl 
give  a  cargo  about  32  inches  long  by  about  10  to  12  inches  in  diameter 
weighing  about  50  j)ounds  when  dry. 

Putting   the  Aparejo  on   the  Horse — How  to  Fold  an   Aparejo 

Blanket. 

See  section  18,  Manual  for  Pack  Transportation,  1910. 

How  to  Place  Blanket  on  Aparejo  Preparatory  to  Putting  on  the 

Aparejo. 

See  section  19,  jManual  for  Pack  Transportation,  1910. 


46 
How  to  Blind  a  Pack  Animal. 

See  section  20,  Maniuil  for  Pack  Transportation,  1910. 

How  to  Place  Corona,  Blanket,  and  Aparejo  on  Animal. 
See  section  21,  Manual  for  Pack  Transportation,  1910. 
How  to  Turn  the  Crupper. 

See  section  22,  Manual  for  Pack  Transportation,  1910. 

Sec.  22.  The  "near"  packer  takes  hold  with  loft  hand  on  lower 
edge  of  crupper,  finoors  under,  the  right  palm  down,  near  the  dock; 
the  "oii""'  packer  taivcs  hold  similarly,  hands  reversed;  both  raise 
crupper  well  up,  press  forward  with  palms,  bringing  edge  of  crupper 
toward  them  Avith  the  hand,  and  crupper  is  turned. 

The  quicker  the  action  the  easier  turned. 

How  to  Cinch  an  Aparejo. 

See  section  23,  Manual  for  Pack  Transportation.  1910. 

It  is  important  to  remember  that  with  all  newly  set  up  aparejos, 
before  the  action  of  cinching  the  aparejo  is  completed,  i.  e.,  after  the 
primary  cinch  has  been  taken  by  the  near  packer,  it  is  essential  to 
place  an  individual  on  the  aparejo  (as  an  aid  to  compress  the  aparejo) 
so  that  it  may  assume  the  contour  of  the  animal's  body. 

In  this  operation,  after  the  individual  is  seated  on  the  aparejo, 
give  sufficient  slack  on  the  cincha  to  permit  the  aparejo,  at  its  collar 
and  center  stitch  line,  to  closely  hug  the  animaTs  withers  and  back- 
bone, and  then  proceed  with  the  cinching  of  the  aparejo  in  the  cus- 
tomary manner.  When  the  individual  dismounts  it  will  be  noted 
that  the  aparejo  will  rise  to  its  normal  and  proper  position  on  the 
animal's  body,  giving  a  clearance  of  from  3  to  4  inches  above  the  ani- 
mal's withers  and  backbone.  This  operation  should  be  continued  for 
a  few  days,  until  the  ribs  and  padding  of  the  aparejo  assume  the 
contour  of  the  animal's  body.  Should  the  individual  be  timid  to  ride 
the  aparejo  any  ordinary  loading  may  be  employed,  preferably  two 
side  packs,  weight  from  250  to  300  pounds. 

With  the  aparejos  used  by  the  Quartermaster  Corps  the  green  wil- 
low sticks  yield  more  readily  to  cinching,  so  that  one  or  two  similar 
operations  are  sufficient  to  break  in  the  aparejo. 

This  practice  is  referred  to  by  packers  as  hreaking  m  the  aparejo, 
i.  e.,  causing  the  aparejo  to  assume  its  correct  position. 

To  explain:  In  setting  up  the  aparejo  with  willow  sticks,  as  em- 
ployed by  the  Quartermaster  Ck)rps,  the  butt,  or  heavy  ends,  are 


47 

])lace(l  in  the  boots;  the  tops,  or  light  ends  are  phiced  at  colhir  and 
center  stitch  line  in  each  panel  of  the  aparejo,  so  that  the  tapered 
or  top  ends  the  more  readily  will  compress  to  the  body  of  the  animal, 
niasmuch  as  the  greater  portion  of  the  boots  of  the  aparejo  do  not 
and  should  not  come  into  contact  Avith  the  body  of  the  animal ;  it  is 
obvious  therefore  that  no  compression  or  bending  of  this  portion  of 
the  sticks  is  required,  hence  the  necessity  of  placing  a  weight  on  the 
newly  set-up  aparejo  before  cinching  to  compress  the  tapered  ends. 

On  these  lines  the  hickory  ribs,  as  provided  for  the  aparejos  used 
b}'^  the  mountain  batteries  and  machine-gun  platoons,  which  have  a 
gradual  length  of  taper  on  each  rib  from  front  to  rear,  following  the 
lines  of  the  willow  stick  aparejo  as  employed  by  packmasters  of  the 
Quartermaster  Corps,  owing  to  the  gi-eater  resistance  to  compression 
of  the  hickory  ribs  a  long  period  of  time  is  required  to  break  in  the 
hickory  ribbed  or  Daly  aparejo. 

The  completion  of  the  padding  over  the  boots  and  saddle  bars  is 
followed  on  similar  lines  as  in  forming  the  boots  and  saddle  bars 
with  hay,  as  obtained  in  the  Quartermaster  aparejo. 

Forming  the  Load  Preparatory  to  Loading  the  Animal. 

See  section  24,  Manual  for  Pack  Transportation,  1910. 

How  to  Lift  Side  Packs  and  Place  Them  on  the  Aparejo. 

See  section  26,  Manual  for  Pack  Transportation,  1910. 

How  to  Cross  Sling  Side  Packs  When  Top  Packs  Are  Necessary, 

See  section  30,  Manual  for  Pack  Transportation,  1910. 

How  to  "  Brake  "  a  Side  Pack. 

See  section  28,  Manual  for  Pack  Ti'ansportation,  1910. 

Lashing  the  Load — How  to  Form  the  Diamond  Hitch. 

See  section  32,  Manual  foi-  l*a(k  Ti"ans])oi'tation,  1910, 

Taking  Off  the  Load  and  Aparejo — How  to  Take  Off  the  Lash 

Rope  and  the  Load. 

See  section  42,  Manual  for  l*ack  Tiansi)ortation,  1910. 

How  to  Uncinch  an  Aparejo  and  Turn  the  Crupper. 

See  section  43,  Manual  for  Pack  Transportation,  1910. 


48 
How  to  Take  Off  an  Aparejo. 

See  section  44,  JMaiuial  for  Pack  Transportation,  1910. 

How  to  Do  Up  a  Lash  Rope. 
See  section  11,  Manual  for  Pack  Transportation,  1910. 

How  to  Do  Up  a  Sling  Rope. 
See  section  12,  Manual  for  Pack  Transportation,  1910. 

How  to  Do  Up  a  Lair  Rope. 
See  section  13,  Manual  for  Pack  Transportation,  1910. 

Schaller  Forge. 

(Plate  XVII.) 

This  forge  is  a  portalile  folding  device.  The  body  is  a  flange  or 
sheet-steel  box  approximately  22|  inches  long  by  16f  inches  wide  by 
6f  inches  high,  stiffened  and  reinforced  with  steel  bands.  The  iron 
legs  fold  up  into  this  box  when  not  in  use,  and  the  blower,  sprocket 
wheel,  etc.,  are  also  stored  in  this  box.  When  the  forge  is  to  be  used 
the  lid  is  opened,  the  legs  withdrawn  on  their  hinges,  and  the  leg 
tie-rods  snapped  into  position,  the  blower  is  set  in  place,  and  the 
whole  forge  is  then  inverted  and  set  up  on  its  legs.  The  fire  box  is 
of  cast  iron  and  is  approximately  7|  by  5|  inches  inside  and  1|  inches 
deep.  The  blower  is  of  sheet  steel,  tin  plated,  and  is  10  inches  out- 
side diameter.  It  is  driven  through  a  sprocket  and  chain  by  a  hand- 
wheel,  which  is  removed  and  packed  in  the  body  of  the  forge  when 
not  in  use.  There  are  steel  plate  shields  provided  which  furnish  the 
fire  protection  from  the  wind  when  necessary. 

There  is  with  the  forge  another  steel  chest  of  approximately  the 
same  size  and  shape  as  the  forge  bod3^  which  chest  carries  the  anvil 
and  complete  set  of  blacksmith's  tools.  The  blacksmith's  tools  car- 
ried in  the  troop  pannier  are  taken  from  this  set. 

Bacon  and  Condiment  Chests,  Model  of  1910. 

The  bacon  chest,  model  of  1910,  is  made  of  poplar  and  is  26  inches 
long  by  23  inches  wide  and  14f  inches  high,  outside  measurements. 
The  corners  and  edges  are  reinforced  with  steel  corner  irons  screwed 
to  the  body.  The  cover  is  hinged  and  secured  by  hasps,  which  are 
locked  by  leather  fids.  There  are  iron  handles  screwed  to  the  ends 
of  the  chests. 


49 

The  interior  of  the  chest  and  lid  is  lined  with  tin  Avith  soldered 
joints.  The  outside  is  painted  olive  drab  and  the  word  "Bacon"  is 
stenciled  in  1-inch  letters  on  the  front  and  ends  of  the  body. 

The  condiment  chest,  model  of  1910,  is  similar  in  construction  to 
the  bacon  chest.  It  is  23  inches  lon^^  by  13  inches  wide  by  l-lf  inches 
deep,  outside  measurements.  Tlje  interior  is  oiled  -with  linseed  oil 
and  is  divided  by  a  partition  running  crosswise  into  large  and  small 
compartments.  The  large  compartment  contains  the  coffee  and  sugar 
containers  and  the  small  compartment  is  designed  for  carrying  the 
salt  and  other  articles. 

The  word  "  Condiments"  is  stenciled  in  l-inch  letters  on  both  ends 
of  the  body. 

The  Cleaning  Rod  (Jointed),  Model  of  1913,  and  Case. 

This  rod  is  identical  with  model  of  1910  except  the  size  of  screw 
joints,  and  is  made  of  half-hard  brass  rod  one-fourth  inch  in  diameter. 
There  are  three  long  sections — the  handle  section,  second  section,  and 
swivel  section — which  are  connected  when  in  use  by  screw  joints. 
"When  a  flannel  patch  is  to  be  used  the  patch  section  is  screwed  into 
the  swivel  section.  "When  it  is  desired  to  use  the  brush  (in  the  butt 
of  the  rifle),  screw  the  brush  section  into  the  swivel  section  in  place 
of  the  patch  section  and  then  screw  the  brush  into  the  brush  section. 
The  brush  section  is  a  very  small  piece  about  1  inch  long,  and  when 
the  rod  is  not  in  use  is  screwed  into  the  second  section  of  the  rod  to 
prevent  loss. 

There  are  two  models  of  jointed  cleaning  rods  in  the  service,  the 
models  of  1010  and  101?);  the  latter,  a  modification  of  the  former,  has 
stronger  joints  and  has  been  manufactured  since  May  14,  1913.  The 
parts  of  the  two  models  are  not  interchangeable  except  the  assem- 
bled parts  above  and  below  the  joint  between  the  swivel  section  and 
swivel,  which  joint  is  common  to  both  models  of  rods. 

The  jointed  cleaning  rod  is  intended  for  field  service  only,  the 
barrack  cleaning  rod  to  be  used  for  camp  and  garrison  service. 

The  cleaning  rod  case  is  made  of  olive-drab  cotton  duck  and  has 
a  flap  and  snap  fastener  to  secure  the  flap. 

To  Load  the  Army  Wagon. 

The  tail  gate  is  let  down  to  practically  the  horizcmtal,  and  the  field 
range  is  placed  upon  it,  the  bacon  and  the  condiment  boxes  go  to- 
gether, back  of  condiment  box  against  handle  of  bacon  box  at  the 
rear  end  of  the  wagon  bed.  They  were  designed  to  accurately  fill 
that  space.  The  boxes  of  hard  bread  go  on  the  floor  of  the  bed  in 
front  of  the  above-mentioned  boxes.     "Whatever  space  remains  on  the 

58159°— 18 4 


50 

floor  of  the  bed  is  filled  Avith  surplus  kit  bags — the  remaining  author- 
ized load  is  then  placed  on  in  suitable  layers,  the  coarser  and  heavier 
packages  placed  lower  down  and  the  lighter  and  frailer  above,  except 
that  tentage  is  placed  near  top.  The  tent  poles  are  wired  to  the 
hangers  on  the  outside,  carr^ang  the  extra  tongue,  reach,  etc.  If 
care  is  taken  in  placing  the  authorized  load  in  the  wagon,  ample 
space  will  exist  for  carrying  the  bed  blankets  and  the  cantle  rolls  of 
100  troopers. 

Improvising  a  Picket  Line. 

"When  the  field  picket  line  has  been  for  any  reason  left  behind,  one 
may  be  improvised  readily  from  the  lariats  and  picket  pins  of  the 
troopers.  To  give  a  line  of  sufficient  strength  the  lariat  should  be 
doubled.  This  may  be  done  in  either  one  of  two  methodsr— the  double 
lariats  may  both  be  attached  on  the  same  picket  pin  or  one  of  each 
two  may  have  its  attachments  made  on  intermediate  pins,  thus  giving 
the  efl'ect  of  "breaking  joints."  To  form  a  line  by  the  first  method: 
Drive  the  first  pin  through  the  ring  of  the  first  lariat,  snap  the  hook 
of  the  other  lariat  of  the  first  couple  into  the  ring  of  the  lariat 
through  which  the  first  pin  is  driven.  Extend  both  lariats  in  the 
desired  direction,  draw  snug,  and  drive  the  second  pin  through  the 
ring  in  the  lariat  whose  hook  is  snapped  into  the  first  ring.  Snap 
the  hook  of  the  other  lariat  into  the  same  ring  through  which  the 
second  pin  is  driven.  Prolong  this  line  indefinitely  in  the  same 
manner. 

To  form  a  line  by  the  second  method :  First  drive  a  pin  through  a 
ring  of  the  lariat,  carry  the  hook  end  of  this  lariat  through  the  ring 
of  the  second  lariat  and  extend  the  line  in  desired  direction.  Slide 
the  ring  of  the  second  lariat  along  to  a  point  about  midway  on  first 
lariat  and  drive  the  second  pin  through  it  at  this  point.  Snap  the 
hook  of  the  first  lariat  into  the  ring  of  the  third  lariat.  Draw  the 
first  lariat  snug  by  pulling  on  the  third,  and  drive  the  third  pin 
through  the  ring  of  the  third  lariat.  Pass  the  hook  of  the  second 
lariat  through  the  ring  of  the  third  lariat  and  extend  in  the  proper 
direction.  Snap  the  hook  of  the  secofid  lariat  into  the  ring  of  a 
fourth,  draw  the  second  snug  by  pulling  on  the  fourth,  and  drive  the 
fourth  pin  through  the  ring  of  the  fourth  lariat.  Continue  indefi- 
nitely in  this  manner,  pinning  down  the  final  hook  ends  of  the  line 
by  snapping  each  hook  upon  the  webbing  of  its  respective  lariat  so 
as  to  form  a  loop  of  the  proper  size,  and  driving  a  picket  pin 
through    it. 

The  Cavesson  and  Longe. 

These  articles  are  recommended  supplied  for  training  purposes,  at 
the  rate  of  one  to  each  30  horses,  or  major  fraction  thereof, 


51 

The  cavesson  consists  of  the  following  parts : 

.1  nosch'ind  of  malleable  iron,  bronzed.  Avliich  is  hinged  at  the 
center  and  on  each  side,  making  four  pieces  in  all.  To  the  center 
hinge  is  fastened  a  swivel  and  ring.  The  metal  noseband  as  above 
is  lined  with  a  7  to  8  ounce  collar-leather-pad  reinforce,  to  which  is 
fastened  a  gray  felt  pad  ^  inch  thick.  The  felt  pad  and  its  outside 
leather  reinforce  is  fastened  to  the  metal  noseband  by  six  small 
noseband  straps.  The  rear  end  of  the  noseband  are  connected  by 
a  nosehand  billet  and  chape  of  bridle  leather,  9|  to  10-^  ounces,  and 
f  inch  wide.     This  piece  has  a  buckle  and  four  holes  for  adjustment. 

Attached  to  the  nose  band  on  either  side  is  a  chceh  piece^  of  9^  to 
10^  bridle  leather  1  inch  wide  and  9  inches  long,  with  a  buckle  at  the 
upper  end.  These  cheek  pieces  buckle  on  to  the  lower  ends  of  the 
crown  piece,  which  is  of  the  same  kind  of  leather.  This  piece,  how- 
ever, is  cut  If  inches  wide,  and  the  lower  ends  split  into  a  1-inch  strap 
which  fastens  to  the  cheek  pieces  and  a  f-inch  strap  which  fastens  to 
the  throat  latch^  a  strap  of  9^  to  10|  bridle  leather  f  inch  wide  and 
17f  inches  long.  Below  the  throat  latch  the  cheeh  piece^  hlllet,  and 
chape  are  stitched  to  the  cheek  piece.  These  two  assembled  form  a 
strap  of  9  J  to  10^  bridle  leather  f  inch  wide  and  21f  inches  long. 

The  longe  is  made  of  f-inch  olive-drab  cotton  webbing,  oval  in 
section  and  30  feet  long;  On  one  end  is  fastened  by  a  2|-inch  lap 
a  ^-inch  swivel  eyebolt  snap,  bronzed. 

The  Breast  Strap. 

(Plate  XIII.) 

This  article  consists  of  the  following  parts: 

A  cho/i'c  strap  of  9-|  to  10|  ounce  bridle  leather  11  inches  wide  and 
assembled  length  41^  inches  long.  The  forward  end  of  this  strap 
ends  in  a  lap  holding  a  IJ-inch  bronzed  ring,  and  the  rear  end  car- 
ries a  li-inch  buckle  and  doubles  back  on  itself  to  form  a  loop  ad- 
justable in  length  6^  to  124  inches. 

7'iro  hucJde  pieces^  Avhich  are  straps  of  9|  to  10^  inch  bridle  leather, 
I  inch  wide  and  assembled  length  of  14J  inches.  The  lower  ends  of 
these  pieces  are  looped  into  the  Itf-inch  ring  on  the  forward  end  of  the 
choke  strap,  and  the  upper  ends  can-y  J^-inch  roller  buckles. 

Two  billets  of  9^  to  10^  ounce  bridle  leather,  ^  inch  wide  and  13^ 
inches  long.  The  lower  ends  of  these  pieces  buckle  into  the  buckles 
on  the  upper  ends  of  the  buckle  pieces,  and  their  upper  ends  terminate 
in  1^-inch  bronzed  brass  rings  on  either  end  of  the  neck  strap. 

The  neck  strap  is  a  plain  strap,  9J  to  10^  ounce  bridle  leather.  If 
inches  wide  and  15]  inches  long,  carrying  at  each  end  the  l^-inch 
rings  above  mentioned, 


52 

Two  saddle  straps^  of  bridle  leather  17^  inches  long,  are  looped 
one  into  each  1^-inch  ring  on  the  neck  strap.  These  straps  double 
back  on  themselves  to  form  adjustable  loops  for  attaching  the  whole 
breast  strap  to  the  saddle. 

This  article  has  been  devised  to  meet  the  necessity,  which  occasion- 
ally arises  with  a  horse  of  poor  conformation,  of  keeping  the  saddle  in 
place  without  severe  girthing.  These  articles  will  be  issued  not  to 
exceed  three  per  troop,  under  ordinary  circumstances.  It  is  possible 
none  at  all  may  be  needed  in  many  troops.  Their  use  and  adjustment 
is  simple. 

The  Horse  Cover. 

This  has  been  devised  to  avoid,  as  far  as  may  be,  the  chafing  oi  the 
animal  complained  of  in  the  old  pattern.  The  surcingle  in  the  new 
pattern  cover  is  detachable,  and  no  other  surcingle  is  provided.  In 
case  one  is  needed  for  purposes  other  than  keeping  the  cover  in  place, 
that  pertaining  to  the  horse  cover  must  be  employed.  None  need  be 
carried  on  the  march  (unless  covers  themselves  are  carried) ;  the 
cooling  strap  will  serve  all  purposes  there. 

Stable  Halter. 

(Plate  VI'II.) 

This  halter  is  made  up  of  the  following  essential  parts: 

A  crownpiece  of  olive-drab  webbing  If  inches  wide,  2^  ounces 
per  yard,  cut  37f  inches  long.  To  its  two  extremities  are  secured 
by  2.5-inch  stitched  taps  1-inch  tongueless  bar  buckles,  which  with 
the  two  crownpiece  chapes  secured  to  the  side  rings  by  a  3-inch 
stitched  lap  form  a  means  of  adjustment  for  the  halter.  The  crown- 
piece chapes  of  the  same  material  as  the  crown  piece  are  cut  18f 
inches  long. 

A  throat  latch  of  olive-drab  webbing  1  inch  wide,  Ig  ounces  per 
7/ard.  The  throat-latch  billet  piece  is  cut  28  inches  long,  and  is 
stitched  to  the  crownpiece  5^  inches  from  the  exact  top  of  the  crown- 
piece on  the  off  side,  and  passes  down  through  the  tongueless  bar 
buckle  on  the  throat-latch  chape.  The  chape  is  of  the  same  material, 
but  cut  G.7  inches  long.  It  is  stitched  to  the  crownpiece  on  the  near 
side  5:^  inches  from  the  exact  top  and  carries  a  1-inch  tongueless  bar 
buckle,  by  being  stitched  double  on  itself. 

A  noseband  of  olive-drab  webbing  If  inches  wide,  2^  ounces  per 
yard,  cut  17^  inches  long,  with  a  2^-inch  stitched  lap  at  each  end 
where  it  joins  the  side  rings. 

A  joiol  of  olive-drab  webbing,  If  inches  wdde,  2|  ounces  per  yard, 
cut  28  inches  long.    This  piece  has  a  7^-inch  stitched  lap  on  each 


53 

end  for  fastening  to  the  side  rings,  and  when  assembled  is  11^  inches 
long,  thus  forming  for  4  inches  at  the  center  three  thicknesses  of  web- 
bing to  resist  the  wear  of  the  tie-rope  ring. 

Two  stay  pieces  of  olive-drab  webbing.  1  inch  wide,  1;\  ounces  per 
yard,  cut  4  inches  long.  Thepe  pieces  are  stitched  to  the  forward 
side  of  the  crownpiece  and  the  noseband  just  above  the  side  rings  at 
an  angle  of  about  45°,  and  serve  to  support  the  noseband  in  proj^er 
position. 

A  halter-tie  rope  of  J -inch  ilianieter  nianila  rope,  the  same  as  the 
tie  rope  used  on  the  bridle. 

Three  malleable-Iron  rings,  bronze  finish,  |-inch  wire  and  2  inches 
inside  diameter,  two  for  side  rings  and  one  on  jowl  for  attaching 
tie  rope. 

All  webbing  used  in  the  halter  has  round  edges  to  prevent  chafing. 
At  all  points  where  the  stitched  laps  wear  on  the  rings  a  piece  of 
brass-wire  gauze  is  used  to  line  the  webbing  to  prevent  wear. 

This  article  serves  to  secure  the  horses  in  the  stable  or  on  the  picket 
line  in  garrison.  It  should  be  used  for  no  other  purpose.  The  re- 
sponsibility for  these  halters  for  a  single  troop  should  be  borne  by 
the  stable  sergeant  and  not  distributed  among  the  several  troopers, 
and  the  halters  should  never  be  removed  from  the  immediate  vicinity 
of  the  stables.  In  case  it  becomes  necessary  to  repair  them,  leather 
will  answer  in  the  absence  of  webbing.  It  has  been  recommended 
that  each  troop  be  issued  a  small  amount  of  webbing  for  repair  pur- 
poses. A  new  snap  may  be  spliced  on,  or  a  new  wrap  made  at  free 
end  of  tie,  as  indicated,  under  the  bridle. 

Water  Tank. 

This  tank  consists  of  three  principal  parts,  as  follows: 
A  frame  made  of  standard  f-inch  galvanized-iron  pipe.  This 
frame  consists  of  four  quarter-circle  arcs  jointed  together  with  dow- 
els to  admit  of  quickly  setting  up  or  taking  apart,  forming,  wlien 
assembled,  a  circle  of  73  inches  diameter.  This  large  ring  is  sup- 
ported at  its  joints  by  four  legs  of  the  same  size  pipe  cut  ITi  inches 
long.  These  legs  are  threaded  at  each  end,  the  upper  end  screwing 
into  a  standard  i|-inch  iron  T,  through  which  the  joining  dowels  of 
the  ring  pass,  the  lower  ends  of  the  legs  being  screwed  into  standard 
5  by  4  inch  floor  flanges,  which  serve  as  feet. 

A  container,  made  of  No.  4  olive-drab  cotton  duck,  piece  dyed, 
made  into  a  large,  double-thick,  water-tight  tank,  approximately  5 
feet  9  inches  diameter  and  IS  inches  high.  The  upper  edge  of  this 
container  has  SS^-inch  galvanized-iron  rings  equal  space  around  the 
top  of  the  container,  through  which  the  lash  rope  passes. 


54 

A  lash  rope,  a  plain  manila  rope,  ^-inch  diameter  cut  28  feet  10 
inches  long,  which  is  lashed  through  the  rings  in  the  top  edge  of  the 
container  and  around  the  frame. 

The  capacity  of  the  tank  is  from  250  to  300  gallons.  Ten  or  twelve 
horses  can  water  at  once.  It  weighs  about  60  pounds  and  will  go 
readily  either  in  the  wagon  or  on  a  pack  animal. 

Guidon  and  Standard  Carrier. 

(Plate  XIII.) 

This  article  is  made  of  a  7  to  8  ounce  collar  leather  and  consists 
of  a  body  which  is  a  slightly  conical  tube  6.3  inches  long  and  ap- 
proximately 1-J  inches  diameter  at  the  top.  the  bottom  being  closed  by 
stitching.  The  body  is  suspended  from  the  pommel  of  the  saddle  by 
a  strap  of  7  to  8  ounce  collar  leather  f  inch  wide,  which  has  a  bronzed 
buckle  for  adjustment. 

The  Tape,  5  Feet. 

This  is  a  steel  pocket  tape,  issued  to  first  sergeants  for  use  in  the 
field  or  elsewhere.    It  should  be  kept  well  oiled  and  free  from  rust. 

The  Officer's  Saddle. 

(Plate  II.) 

The  officer's  saddle  differs  from  the  service  saddle  mainly  in  the 
shape  of  the  seat,  which  is  flatter  and  slightly  longer,  and  in  the  fact 
that  there  is  no  projecting  cantle  roll  support.  An  extra  staple  is 
secured  to  the  underside  of  the  cantle  in  lieu  of  this  support.  This 
saddle  is  also  made  in  two  sizes. 

The  stirrups  are  bright  and  the  saddle  is  given  a  slightly  better 
finish  throughout  than  the  service  saddle.  The  remarks  as  to  care 
and  use,  on  pages  13  and  14  under  the  service  saddle,  apply  with 
equal  weight  to  the  officer's  saddle. 

The  Officer's  Pommel  Pockets. 

These  are  attached  in  a  manner  similar  to  that  stated  under  the 
service  pommel  pockets.  The  contents  vary  somewhat.  The  off 
pocket  carries  meat  can  in  a  cloth  case,  knife,  fork,  and  spoon  in 
smaller  leather  compartments,  a  folding  lantern,  if  desired,  in  a 
compartment  nearest  the  horse,  and  calkins,  when  needed,  in  lower 
part  of  main  compartment.  The  near  pocket  carries  canteen,  cover, 
and  cup,  and  cooling  strap  in  .main  compartment,  wire  cutters  in 
their  own  compartment,  and  has  also  a  special  compartment  nearest 
the  horse  for  official  papers. 


The  Officer's  Saber  Carrier. 

(Plate  V.) 

The  officer's  saber  carrier  is  made  to  carr}'  the  officer's  gatrisoii 
saber  scabbard  only.  It  would,  therefore,  be  used  by  officers  in  gar- 
rison only.  It  is  similar  to  the  service  carrier,  but  somewhat  smaller. 
It  is  carried  on  the  off  side  of  the  saddle. 

Officer's  Garrison  Saber  Scabbard,  Model  of  1913. 

The  officer's  garrison  saber  scabbard  is  made  of  sheet  steel  and  is 
lined  with  pine.  The  mouthpiece  of  the  scabbard  forms  a  spring 
which  grips  the  saber  and  prevents  rattling.  Xear  the  mouth,  at 
equal  distances  therefrom  and  on  opposite  edges,  rings  are  secured 
which  are  used  to  hold  the  scabbard  in  the  saber  carrier  and  with 
which  the  saber  attachment  is  engaged.  The  scabbard  has  a  nickel- 
plated  finish. 

The  Officer's  Belt. 

(Plate  IX.) 

The  belt  is  of  leather  and  is  the  same  as  the  officer  has  worn  for 
several  years,  with  the  following  additions :  ^  A  magazine  pocket, 
leather,  holding  two  magazines,  like  that  used  on  the  enlisted  men's 
garrison  belt;  a  slide  for  pistol  holster,  a  slide  for  first-aid  pouch, 
and  a  slide  for  canteen  when  dismounted. 

The  leather  saber  attachment  formerly  used  is  replaced  by  a  chain 
saber  attachment,  as  shown  in  Plate  IX.  This  chain  saber  attach- 
ment is  of  27  per  cent  nickel  steel  throughout  and  is  finished  bright. 

Marking  of  Equipments  Issued  to  Trooper. 

Articles  made  of  wool,  canvas,  drilling,  or  webbing  will  be  marked 
by  stenciling,  while  articles  of  metal  will  be  stamped  with  the  steel 
dies  contained  in  the  marking  outfit  for  stamping  metal,  and  leather 
equipments  with  the  bronze  dies  issued  with  the  marking  outfit  for 
stamping  leather.  When  stamping  is  placed  near  letters  "  U.  S.,"  as 
placed  by  the  Ordnance  Department,  stamp  under  those  letters. 
When  using  the  personal-equipment  stencil  with  crossed,  sabers  in 
connection  with  letters  "  U.  S.,"  comply  with  the  requirements  of 
paragraph  295,  A.  R.,  1913,  as  amended.  Use  the  crossed  sabers  of 
this  stencil  only  on  the  articles  indicated  below. 

All  marking  in  which  the  crossed  sabers  are  not  employed  should 
consist  of  the  regimental  number,  the  troop  letter,  and  the  soldier's 

^Slides  are  placed  on  belt  in  follow Inj?  order  from  right  to  left,  viz:  Pistol,  canteen, 
flrst-aid   pouch,   saber)   pistol-magaziuc   pocket. 


56 

number,  in  the  order  named,  either  in  a  horizontal  line  or  a  vertical 
column.  In  employing  either  method  a  sufficient  and  clear  space 
should  be  left  between  the  regimental  number  and  troop  letter  and 
soldier's  number,  which  in  the  case  of  stenciling  should  be  from 
one-half  to  1  inch. 

For  stenc-ilhig  the  regimental  number  and  company  letter  the  per- 
sonal-ocjuipnient  stencil  issued  with  the  stencil  outfit  may  be  con- 
veniently used  by  pasting  a  piece  of  paper  or  cardboard  over  that 
portion  of  theetencil  which  is  not  refjuired  and  using  only  the  num- 
ber or  the  letter  of  the  stencil,  as  may  be  desired.  A  set  of  one-half 
inch  figures  is  issued  Avith  the  stencil  outfit  for  stenciling  the  soldier's 
number  on  cloth  articles  of  equipment. 

The  appearance  of  equipment  has  been  marred  frequently  by  un- 
necessarily conspicuous  marking  and  by  lack  of  system  in  selecting 
positions  for  stenciling  or  stamping.  The  marking  should  be  placed 
so  as  to  be  easily  found  on  inspection.  Marking  with  ungainly 
characters  and  in  too  conspicuous  places  is  not  only  objectionable  in 
itself,  but  becomes  a  positive  eyesore  wdien  the  equipment  has  been 
transferred  a  few  times — especially  from  one  organization  to  another. 

Horse  equipments,  and  the  personal  equipments  of  the  trooper,  will 
be  marked  as  follows: 

Alignment  and  spacing  of  letters  and  numbers  w'ill  be  done  with 
care  and  regularity. 

Bandoleer,  Cavalry.— Underside  of  upper  pistol-cartridge  pocket, 
horizontally.  KencAv  marks,  if  necessary,  on  middle  and  lower 
pock(»ts. 

Belt,  Cartridge,  Cal.  .30  Cavalry. — Inside  of  belt,  horizontally, 
near  top  of  fourth  rifle  pocket  from  right  end,  when  on  trooper.  Re- 
mark, if  necessary,  immediately  below  first  marks. 

Belt,  Pistol. — Horizontally,  inside,  at  middle  and  near  top;  regi- 
mental nuuiber  toward  right  end  of  belt  when  on  trooper.  Sliding 
web  pistol-magazine  pockets,  vertically  on  back. 

Belt,  Garrison,  Enlisted  Men's. — Horizontally,  hair  side,  buckle 
end,  near  top,  regimental  number  next  to  buckle.  All  slides  hori- 
zontally at  center  on  back.  Belt-ring  pad,  cartridge  and  magazine 
pockets  horizontally  on  back. 

Belt  Ring  Strap. — Hair  side,  buckle  end,  along  length  of  strap, 
I'cgimental  number  near  metal  stud. 

Bit,  Curb. — On  outer  side  of  "  near  "  branch,  above  and  near  loop 
for  lip  strap,  regiuiontal  number  next  to  loop. 

Bridoon. — On  ring,  opposite  side  to  letters  "  R.  I.  A." 

Breast  Strap. — On  top  strap,  near  left  end,  lengthwise  and  at 
front  of  strap.  Ee-mark,  if  necessary,  immediately  to  rear  of  first 
nuirk. 


57 

Canteen  Cover. — On  front  face  with  crossed  sabers  as  prescribed 
in  A.  R. 

Cooling  Strap. — Outer  side,  sliding  buckle  end,  regimental  num- 
ber next  to  buckle. 

Carrier  Strap. — At  front,  between  girth  strap  and  "near"  buckle, 
on  line  parallel  to  girth  strap.  Re-mark,  if  necessary,  on  same  line 
toward  rear. 

Coat  Straps,  Double  and  Also  Single  Buckle. — On  hair  side  near 
buckle,  regimental  number  next  to  buckle. 

Currycomb. — On  top  of  body  near  the  center. 

Feed  Bag. — With  crossed  sabers,  with  prescribed  letter  and  num- 
bers, along  length  of  bag  at  center  of  underside  (when  horse  is 
feeding). 

Felt  Pads  for  Side  Bars. — From  front  to  rear,  regimental  num- 
ber near  front  and  top. 

Girth. — On  buckle  leather,  near  forward  end,  regimental  number 
toward  buckle. 

Girth  Strap  Adjuster. — Along  length  of  strap,  outer  side,  at  cen- 
ter of  upper  half,  regimental  number  toward  upper  edge. 

Grain  Bag. — Xear  center,  across  width  of  bag,  top  of  stenciling 
toward  open  end. 

Hatchet. — On  side  of  batchet,  along  and  parallel  to  top,  regi- 
mental number  nearest  larger  opening  of  eye. 

Hatchet  Cover. — Center  of  button  stud  side,  regimental  number 
toward  point  of  flap. 

Bridle,  Cavalry,  Complete — 

Browband. — Hair  side — near — "  near  "  loop,  trooper's  number  next 
to  loop. 

Cheek  Piece. — Hair  side,  under  fold  of  strap,  near  center,  regi- 
mental number  toward  "near"  side.  Restamp,  if  required,  toward 
"  off  "  side  of  first  stamp. 

Tpiroat  Latch. — Hair  side,  along  length  of  strap,  near  buckle, 
regimental  number  next  to  buckle. 

Bridoon  Straps. — Hair  side,  along  length  of  strap,  near  buckle, 
regimental  number  next  to  buckle. 

Throat  Strap. — Side  next  to  jaw,  near  ring,  regimental  number 
next  to  ring. 

Noseband. — At  rear,  from  left  to  right.  Restamp,  if  required,  to 
left  of  first  stamp. 

Bit  Straps. — Hair  side,  above  bit-strap  retainer. 

Reins,  Curb. — Hair  side,  along  length  of  rein  near  center,  regi- 
mental number  next  to  center. 

Reins,  Bridoon. — Hair  side,  each  rein,  near  hand  end,  regimental 
number  toward  end. 


58 

Horse  Brush. — Along  length  of  strap,  at  end,  regimental  number 
next  to  end. 

Intrenching:  Tool  Carrier. — Horizontally,  at  center,  outer  side, 
reginieniai  number  to  rear. 

Lariat. — Near  snap  end,  regimental  number  next  to  snap. 

Meat-Can  Pouch. — At  center  of  tlap,  outside. 

Pick. — On  concave  side  of  blade,  regimental  number  next  to  and 
near  head. 

Pick  Cover. — Center  of  flap  side,  regimental  number  toward 
mouth. 

Picket  Pin. — In  gi'oove  below  head,  regimental  number  next  to 
head. 

Picket-Pin  Case. — On  back  of  case,  along  length,  near  strap 
sewed  to  top,  regimental  number  next  to  stitching.  Before  stamping 
insert  piece  of  wood. 

Picket-Pin  Case  Straps. — Hair  side,  near  buckle,  regimental  num- 
ber next  to  buckle. 

Picket-Pin  Carrier,  Special. — Hair  side  of  strap  attaching  to  car- 
rier strap,  below  and  near  horseshoe  pocket,  regimental  number  next 
to  pocket. 

Pistol  Holster. — Horizontally,  and  near  top  of  under  side  of 
hanger  piece,  connecting  pistol  case  with  hook  leather,  regimental 
number  to  front:  Pistol  holster  strap,  near  buckle,  regimental  num- 
ber next  to  buckle. 

Pommel  Pockets. — Horizontally,  upper  side,  immediately  above 
near  pommel  pocket,  regimental  number  one-half  inch  from  front 
edge. 

Ration  Bags. — With  crossed  sabers  and  prescribed  letter  and  num- 
bers, horizontally,  across  bag,  back  side,  at  center.  Re-mark,  if 
necessary,  immediately  below  first  marks. 

Record  Case,  N.  C.  O. — Horizontally,  under  side,  near  center. 

Rifle  Carrier  Boot. — On  under  side  of  standing  part,  one-half 
inch  to  rear  (on  horse)  of  keep  for  attaching  strap,  and  parallel 
thereto,  regimental  number  next  to  and  2  inches  below  top. 

Rifle  Cover. — Xear  mouth,  along  and  under  seam,  side  opposite 
rifle  bolt. 

Saddle. — Horizontally,  under  side  of  each  jockey,  along  lower  edge. 
Regimental  number  toward  pommel. 

Saber  Carrier. — Horizontally,  at  center,  under  swivel  plate.  Re- 
mark, if  necessary,  immediately  below. 

Saber  Knot. — Loop  at  center;  body  near  metal  button,  regimental 
number  next  to  button. 

Shovel. — Concave  side  one-half  incli  below  top,  and  regimental 
number  next  to  and  one-half  inch  from  right  edge,  looking  from  top 
toward  point. 


59 

Spur  Strap. — Upper  parts,  hair  side,  near  rounded  ends,  regi- 
mental number  next  to  end.    Under  strap  at  center. 

Stirrup  Strap. — Hair  side,  near  buckle,  regimental  number  next 
to  buckle. 

Stock  Cover. — Xear  center,  regimental  number  toward  lower  end. 

War  Department, 

Optice  of  the  Chief  of  Ordnance, 

Wusliiiiytoii,  October  5,  191.^. 

25301-1-4052. 

Form  No.   1715. 

Ed.   May  4-18—10,000. 

o 


PLATE  I. 


HALTCR-BtTlDLE.  MODEL  OF  1912. 


FIG  2  FIG  3.  FIG. 4.  FIG.  5. 

FORMING  SNAP-5PLICE  AND  WRAPPING  ROPE  END. 


I    ^2 
FIG.  6.  FIG.  7. 


FRAME  FOR  5ERV1CE  5APDLE. 
COMPLETE  WITH  SIDE  BAR5. 


FOCTSTAP 


C/\NTUE  ROLL  5UPP0RT. 
STEEV  FRAME. 


CANTLE  LOOP 
CANTLE  HINGE. 


PLATE   III. 


RIFLE  CARfflFRI  RAfiT 


PLATE  IV. 


PLATE  V. 
^POMMEL  SCRCW. 


m^ 


ATTACHING  STRAP 


^-^  BILLET 
^SWIVEL.' 


J     if* base:  PIECE.— 
\  4^— 5ABER  LOOP 


SLOT  FOR  INTRENCHING 
TOOL  CARRIER  STUD. 


GUARD. 

WASHER 


DEPENWNG  BILLET. --«► 


:0 


MOUTHPIECE. 


BODY. 


v- 


-TIP 


POMMEL 

GPIR  I 
RIGHT 


i* 


\ 


5/lBEP  CARRIE}?. 
OFFICER'5. 


5ABER  CARf?lER.    5ABe?  5aBBARD».  CA^ALRy  5AL.':?, 

5ZmCZ.  5Ey?VtCE.         MODEL  OF  1913. 

MODEL  OF  1913. 


PLATE  VI. 


PLATE  VII. 


PLATE  VIII. 


UJ 
lu 


UJ 
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CD 

E 


PLATE   IX. 


CHAIN  SABO?  ATTACHMENT. 


LATCH; 
BELT  RINGt 


BELT,  orncEF?^. 


^^0^m':^y^'^i^.  :    > 


CARTRIDGE  BELT 


GAf?RiSON  BELT, 
ENUSTED  MEN. 


5ABER  KMOT 


BAMDOLEEi?. 


PLATE  X. 


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PLATE  XI. 


PLATE  XII. 


PLATE  XIII. 


PLATE  XIV. 


PLATE  XV. 


TROOP  PACK,  USUAL  CARGO  (NEAR  SIDE). 


TROOP  PACK,  USUAL  CARGO  (OFF  SIDE\ 


PLATE  XVI. 


TROOP   PACK,  WITH   WATER  TANK  AS   NEAR  CARGO. 


TROOP  PACK.  WITH  COOKING  UTENSILS  AS  NEAR  CARGO. 


TOOL  CHEST. 
MODEL  or  1910. 


PLATE  XVII. 


^CHALLCR  FORGE. 
MODn  or  1910. 


JCRE"W  WRENCH 
5H0E1N6  RASP- 


''Z  BOA. 


•--r^^GE:  900Y 


BLOWER. 


i 


I 


